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Decolonization and end of Empire East Africa=Road to Independence TZ. Rural discontent- peasants not happy Forced to dig trenches for soil conservation Hated growing of cotton. Hated growing of peanut, no research was done –failure =poor planning & peoples opinion ignored.
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Decolonization and end of Empire East Africa=Road to Independence TZ • Rural discontent- peasants not happy • Forced to dig trenches for soil conservation • Hated growing of cotton. • Hated growing of peanut, no research was done –failure =poor planning & peoples opinion ignored. • TANU declare Uhuru now. • 1951 COLONIAL GOVT REMOVED Meru from their land. Nyerere and Meru took case to UN Case thrown out, so people became agitated
Road to independence • Nationalism reared its head in Africa though different manifestation. • Youth Movements,Religious Movements • Trade Unions, • Regional Associations • Political Parties • Was a struggle in TZ. British officials took a stubborn approach. • Julius Kabarage Nyerere offered unity and cemented it with Kiswahili
Regional Parties • TTACSA -Tanganyika Territory African Civil Servants Association- formed and led by Martin Kayamba in 1922, educated in Britain • Wanted his people to be educated, so organized community libraries with help of missionaries • Sponsored soccer teams and sensitized the youth on rights • wanted better treatment & rights under British rule
Regional Parties • KNPA -Kilimanjaro Native Planters Association= coffee planters agitated for better prices and were actively involved in politics. • BBU-Bukoba- Buhaya Union formed by educated Buhaya ,were coffee growers wanted opportunity to make profits & education. • Strongly opposed the land tenure system coz chiefs enriched themselves, refused to pay taxes to chief=corrupt
Formation of Parties • TAA- Tanganyika Territory Association • Formed in1929 by elite –Mission “boys” • Wanted education and representation of people in Legco • TAA wanted change from within and not independence. • TANU -Tanganyika African National Union • Formed in1954 and wanted “Uhuru,” means Freedom • The assumption of state power by local people • 1955 TANU had many members = mass movement • Nyerere identified Uhuru as the most desired thing • TZ Sent Nyerere to New York to petition case at UN • TANU won elections in 1958 and 1959 • UTP- United Tanganyika Party- sponsored by colonial Governor Twining to challenge TANU, UTP was multi- racial party led by a European Bayldon, represented paternalistic idealism so lacked mass support • lost in the 1958 election did not win even a single seat of the 71 seats contested.
The struggle • TANU offered “Uhuru” Freedom • UTP offered “Utupu” Emptyness • Nyerere charged and paid fine • Colonial Secretary in London wanted gradualism in independence, • “Pole Pole” Strategy e.g. independence of TZ by 1968 and Kenya 1975. • But TANU was so strong and wanted independence now, New govern • Turbull knew TZ could no longer be governed. Turbull was afraid of • violence- he did not want another mau mau in TZ. So negotiated with Nyerere. • Nyerere refused negotiations until he was made a Prime Minister.
The struggle • Period of rapid change • 1960 another election TANU won with majority as Asians backed TANU and not UTP. • March 1961 Constitutional Conference in Dar es Salam not the usual Lancaster House. • December 1961 TZ had independence, the first in East Africa= Triumph of Nationalism TZ was a success story of mass movement of the people
