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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae. Adele Ricciardi. Pneumonia - inflammatory condition of the lung. PNEUMONIA CAN BE CAUSED BY: VIRUSES FUNGI BACTERIA. Symptoms Diagnosis. Chest x-ray (in hospitals and clinics) Blood test Sputum culture physical examination CT scan.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

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  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae Adele Ricciardi

  2. Pneumonia-inflammatory condition of the lung PNEUMONIA CAN BE CAUSED BY: VIRUSES FUNGI BACTERIA

  3. Symptoms Diagnosis • Chest x-ray (in hospitals and clinics) • Blood test • Sputum culture • physical examination • CT scan • cough (often produces rust colored mucus) • fever and chills • shortness of breath • chest pain • fatigue

  4. CHEST X-RAY

  5. Streptococcus pneumoniae • nasopharynx of healthy people • Gram-positive bacteria • Paired (diplococci) or appear in chains • May also infect brain (pneumococcal meningitis) and blood stream (pneumococcus septicemia) Scanning Electron Micrograph of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Source: CDC/ R. Facklam, J. Carr

  6. S. pneumoniae was first isolated in 1881,S. pneumoniae was first isolated in 1881,but it still remains the number 1 killer of children under 5 today.but it still remains the number 1 killer of children under 5 today

  7. The Toll 4 million deaths every year • half of these deaths - children under age 5 • 5,500 children die from pneumonia every day • 98% of children who die of pneumonia live in developing countries • contributes to the cycle of poverty

  8. S. Pneumoniae -Virulence • Polysaccharide capsule, > 90 serotypes • Resistance to phagocytosis and antibiotics

  9. Different serotypes

  10. Different serotypes

  11. Pneumococci in intimate contact with lung cells show reduced capsular polysaccharide

  12. Virulence- Pneumolysin • Toxin • Cholesterol-dependent cytolysin • Cytokine synthesis • Inflammatory response

  13. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine • Elicits antibodies against the seven most common capsular types • Sero-specific • Results: • Decrease nasopharyngeal colonization • Reduce disease of included serotypes • Problems: • Expensive • Alter serotype distribution

  14. Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is limited to parts of the developing world

  15. Pneumonia will continue to kill Unless we do something about it…

  16. Treatment • Antibiotics, <$1/dose • Amoxicillin – inhibit cell wall formation • Erythromycin- inhibit protein synthesis • 1 out of 5 children with pneumonia receives antibiotics

  17. We can protect from pneumonia

  18. Pneumonia suffers from scientific neglect

  19. They may not be excited now...but they will be. This vaccine deal could save900,000 lives by 2015.

  20. References • Bruyn, G.W, Zegers, B. M, R. van Furth. Mechanisms of Host Defense against Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical Infections Diseases 1992;14;251-62. • Daniels, Briles, Mirza, Hakasson, Briles. Capsule does not block antibody binding to PspA, a surface virulence protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbial Pathogenesis. 40;2006;228-233. • Alonsodevelasco, Verhuel, Verhoef, Snipe. Atreptococcus pneumoniae: Virulence Factors, Pathogenesis and Vaccines. Microbiological Reviews. Dec. 1995, 591-603. • Hsieh, Lee, Shao, Chang, Huang. The Transforming Streptococcus Pneumoniae in the 21st century. Chang Gung Med J Vo. 30 No. 2 2008;31:117-24 • Hammerschmidt, Wolff, Hocke, Rosseau, Muller, Rohde. Illustration of Pneumonococcal Polysacharide Capsule during adherence and invasion of epithelial cells. Infection and Immunity. 2005; 4653-4667. • Kadioglu, Weiser, Paton, Andrew. The role of streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease. Nature. 2008;6. • World Health Organization: The top 10 causes of death. October 2008. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html[2] Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:408–16. • World Health Organization. World health statistics 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Full.pdf • Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:408–16. • World Health Organization. World health statistics 2006. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006. http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2006.pdf. • World Health Organization. World health statistics 2006. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006. http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2006.pdf.. • Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:408–16. • Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H. Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82:895–903.

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