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Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation. Renaissance. Means “rebirth” Art and learning 1300-1600 Began in Florence, Tuscany in Italy. Renaissance: Causes. New Secular Hunger for Discovering Texts Reintroduction of Classical Works The Printing Press

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Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. Renaissance and Reformation

  2. Renaissance • Means “rebirth” • Art and learning • 1300-1600 • Began in Florence, Tuscany in Italy

  3. Renaissance: Causes • New Secular Hunger for Discovering Texts • Reintroduction of Classical Works • The Printing Press • The Political Situation: The Need for Display and Administration • New Wealth and the Black Death • Peace and War • Development of Renaissance Humanism

  4. Why did it start in Italy? • Trade led to large, wealthy Italian city-states • City-states were full of merchants who were highly involved in politics • Inspired by ruins of Rome/classical civilizations • Wealthy banking families supported the arts

  5. Italian Background • Major city centers • Venice: Republic ruled by oligarchy, Byzantine origins • Milan: Visconti and Sforza families • Florence (Tuscany): Republic ruled by the Medici • Papal States: Ruled by the Pope • Kingdom of Naples: King of Aragon

  6. Italian Background • Florence • Medici's—family of physicians • Money in banking • Financed wool trade • Became defacto rulers of Florence

  7. Italian Background • Cosimo de Medici • Advanced arts and education • Piero de Medici • Continued father’s artistic support • Lorenzo de Medici • Poet • Friend of Michelangelo • Rebuilt University of Pisa • Continued to invite scholars to Florence

  8. Medici Family • Very powerful family • Florence • Supported the arts • Ruled from behind the scenes

  9. Themes • Individual achievement • Study of classical texts, art, and architecture (Greek & Roman) • Secularism • Focus on the arts

  10. Values • Humanism • Enjoyment of worldly pleasures: material luxuries, fine music, tasty foods • Support of the arts: patrons • Renaissance man

  11. Humanism • Pursuit of individualism • Recognition that humans are creative • Appreciation of art as a product of man • Basic culture needed for all • Life could be enjoyable • Love of the classical past

  12. Note the differences! • During the Middle Ages • Find God • Prove pre-conceived ideas • Focus on spiritual values • During the Renaissance • Find man • Promote learning • Focus on secular (worldly) ideas

  13. "The Renaissance gave birth to the modern era, in that it was in this era that human beings first began to think of themselves as individuals. In the early Middle Ages, people had been happy to see themselves simply as parts of a greater whole – for example, as members of a great family, trade guild, nation, or Church. This communal consciousness of the Middle Ages gradually gave way to the individual consciousness of the Renaissance." – McGrath, Alister, In the Beginning, Anchor Books (2001), p.38.

  14. Renaissance Man • Master many areas of study • Well mannered • Athletic • Charming • Witty • Example: Leonardo DaVinci

  15. The Renaissance Man should… • Dance! • Sing! • Play music! • Write poetry! • Be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman! • Have self-control! • Study! • Create art!

  16. Renaissance Woman • Expected to inspire art, not create it

  17. Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • Supported by patrons • Realistic style copied from classics

  18. New Techniques • Perspective • Human body (realism) • Vanishing point

  19. Perspective

  20. Donatello: David sculpture (1st)

  21. David Saint George Donatello Mary Magdalene

  22. Massaccio: perspective

  23. Leonardo da Vinci • Painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist • Focus on how things worked • Genius

  24. Da Vinci: Mona Lisa

  25. Da Vinci: The Last Supper

  26. Da Vinci: The Vitruvian Man

  27. Michelangelo Buonarroti • Painter, sculptor, architect, poet • Influenced by classical art

  28. Michelangelo: St. Peter’s Basilica

  29. Michelangelo: Pieta

  30. Michelangelo: David sculpture

  31. Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel

  32. Raphael • Painter and architect • Madonna and child • Influenced by Michelangelo and Leonardo • Realism

  33. Raphael: School of Athens

  34. Raphael: The Sistine Madonna

  35. Renaissance Architecture

  36. Filippo Brunelleschi • Il Duomo Cathedral’s dome (Florence) • Founded Renaissance style

  37. Filippo Brunelleschi • Commissioned to build the cathedral dome • Use unique architectural concepts • Studied Pantheon • Used ribs for support • Structural elements have been copied on other buildings

  38. Dome Comparison Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London)

  39. Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas • Chinese: block printing

  40. Gutenberg Invents the Printing Press • Johann Gutenberg: moveable type in 1440 • Printing press • Gutenberg Bible: first full-size book printed with moveable type

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