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Lesson 1: The Iron Age, 1200-250 B.C.E.

Lesson 1: The Iron Age, 1200-250 B.C.E. Lesson Question : What are the most significant differences between Iron Age civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres?

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Lesson 1: The Iron Age, 1200-250 B.C.E.

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  1. Lesson 1: The Iron Age, 1200-250 B.C.E. Lesson Question: What are the most significant differences between Iron Age civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres? Lesson Objectives: The students will understand the main features of five Iron Age civilizations – the earliest American civilizations (the Olmecs and Chavin), the Celts, the Israelites, the Assyrians and the Phoenicians.

  2. First Civilizations of the Americas (3 per subsection) • Celtic Europe (2 per subsection) • The Assyrian Empire (2 per subsection) • Israel (2 per subsection) • Phoenicia and the Mediterranean (2 per 2 subsections; 1 per 2 subsections)

  3. Section: The Assyrian Empire Sub-Section: Conquest and Control Sentence: “The Assyrian state found in the practice of mass deportation - the forcible uprooting of large numbers of people or even entire communities from their homes in order to transport and resettle them - a means to accomplish a number of objectives simultaneously. The abrupt removal of a community was an effective way to break the spirit of the rebellious and served as a conspicuous warning to others who might be contemplating resistance.” Question: Why did the Assyrians practice mass deportation? Clarifying Question: Did the Assyrians practice mass deportation on all rebellious communities or only some?

  4. Who were they? When were they? Where were they? What did they do? Why should we care (i.e. What was their historical significance?)

  5. 1a. Olmec urban centers were dominated by: • large stone walls. • artificial platforms and mounds of packed earth. • tall buildings dedicated to astronomical observation. • large, public graineries.

  6. 1b. Celtic peoples started to spread across Europe around: • 1500 B.C.E. • 1000 B.C.E. • 500 B.C.E. • 200 B.C.E.

  7. 1c. The direction of the Neo-Assyrian Empire’s conquests in Western Asia coincided with: • the spread of Semitic speaking peoples in the region. • the most important long distance trade routes in the region. • the extent of the cultural influence of earlier Sumerian civilization in the region. • the spread of urban centers throughout the region.

  8. 1d. Historians believe that the stories of Abraham and his family in the Jewish Old Testament reflect: • the Hebrew conquest of Canaan. • the Hebrew enslavement in Egypt. • the Hebrew belief in monotheism. • the Hebrew’s original nomadic society.

  9. 1e. The Phoenicians referred to themselves as: • Philistines. • Canaanites. • Apiru. • Hittites.

  10. 2a. The ability of the Olmec elite to control their society was based on all of the following EXCEPT: • their supervision of religious ritual. • their command of the Olmec army. • their possession of finely crafted objects. • their association with awe-inspiring architecture.

  11. 2b. Celtic peoples spread into all of the following regions EXCEPT: • Gaul (modern France). • Anatolia (modern Turkey). • Scandinavia. • The British Isles.

  12. 2c. The Assyrian king did all of the following EXCEPT: • supervise the state religion. • command the imperial armies. • entertain foreign envoys and high-ranking government officials. • plan great, state-led commercial ventures.

  13. 2d. The Israelite monarchy emerged in the face of frequent wars with the: • Egyptians. • Philistines. • Assyrians. • Canaanites.

  14. 2e. Phoenician city-states thrived because of: • the fertile land that surrounded them. • the tribute conquered people paid them. • the manufacturing and commerce in which they engaged. • the mineral wealth they mined.

  15. 3a. The rulers of Chavin de Huantar had an advantage over other regional rivals because: • they were closely associated with powerful religious ideas. • they monopolized the production of iron among their people. • their citywas located at the intersection of trade routes connecting the coast with the populous mountain valleys. • their city was the most heavily fortified in the Andes.

  16. 3b. All of the following statements about Celtic civilization are true EXCEPT: • early Celts lived in or near hill-forts, lofty natural locations made defensible by earthwork foundations. • the Celts created a large central European empire that challenged the Romans. • Mediterranean peoples were shocked by the fact that Celtic warriors often went into battle naked. • the Celtic priesthood, the Druids, crossed tribal lines and often served as judges.

  17. 3c. The key element to the Assyrian control of their far-flung and heterogeneous empire was: • Their relentless use of propaganda. • Their spread of the worship of Ashur, their chief god. • The attractiveness of Assyrian culture to non-Assyrian peoples. • Their superior military organization and technology.

  18. 3d. Which Israelite king made Jerusalem the capital of his kingdom? • Joshua • Saul • David • Soloman

  19. 3e. The “Phoenician Triangle” created by Phoenician colonies spread across the Mediterranean included: • North Africa, Southeast Spain and Sicily • North Africa, Cyprus and Southern Italy • Palestine, Sicily and Crete • Southern Greece, Southern Italy and North Africa

  20. 4a. Which form of social organization provided for the organization of labor and the distribution of goods at every level of Andean society? • The village. • The tribe. • The clan. • The three generation family.

  21. 4b. Celtic religion included all of the following EXCEPT: • the idea of reincarnation. • worship at natural sites such as springs and groves. • the worship of only a few gods and goddesses. • rituals of human sacrifice.

  22. 4c. The Assyrians practiced mass deportation, or the forcible uprooting of large numbers of peoples or even entire communities, in order to: • open up new land for agricultural production. • put down political rebellion and warn other communities of its consequences. • expose more people to Assyrian culture. • better locate people next to trade routes and expand the markets for manufactured goods.

  23. 4d. All of the following developments occurred during the Jewish Diaspora EXCEPT: • the creation of the synagogue. • the crystalization of the idea of monotheism. • the writing of the Jewish Bible. • the building of the First Temple.

  24. 4e. The Phoenician colony of Carthage was led by: • a popular assembly. • a king. • a powerful clan. • two elected judges.

  25. What are the most significant differences between Iron Age civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres?

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