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Chapter 2: Chemistry

Chapter 2: Chemistry. Raw materials and fuel for our bodies. Lectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College. Four Types of Macromolecules Essential for Life. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids. 2·7–2·10 Carbohydrates are fuel for living machines.

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Chapter 2: Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 2: Chemistry Raw materials and fuel for our bodies Lectures by Mark Manteuffel, St. Louis Community College

  2. Four Types of Macromolecules Essential for Life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

  3. 2·7–2·10 Carbohydrates are fuel for living machines.

  4. 2.7 Carbohydrates include macromolecules that function as fuel. Health topics of the year Low-carb diet? Hi-carb diet? “Carbo-loading”? Fiber intake? What are carbohydrates?

  5. Carbohydrates C, H, and O Primary fuel for organisms Cell structure

  6. Do Now: • Use your notes to help you answer these questions in your notebook. • What elements are present in carbohydrates? • Why are carbohydrates a good source of energy?

  7. Why are carbohydrates such a good source of fuel?Energy is in the chemical bonds!

  8. 2.8 Glucose provides energy for the body’s cells. Fuel for cellular activity Stored temporarily as glycogen Converted to fat

  9. Glucose in blood: Blood sugar Most carbohydrates— ultimately converted into glucose

  10. What is “carbo-loading”?

  11. Monomers and Polymers • Glucose is a monomer. • What does mono mean? • - mer means “part” • What do you think a polymer would look like?

  12. Dehydration Synthesis • How are two monosaccharides joined together to form a polymer? • DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS (TO REMOVE WATER) (TO MAKE/CREATE)

  13. 2.9 Many complex carbohydrates are time-released packets of energy. More than 1 sugar (monosaccharide) unit Disaccharides Examples: sucrose lactose Polysaccharides Examples: starch cellulose

  14. Chemical Fuel Preliminary Processing

  15. Plant Starch Is made of 100 or more glucose molecules joined together Example: Barley, wheat, rye, corn, and rice Glycogen—“animal starch”

  16. Complex Carbohydrates “Time-release” fuel pellets

  17. 2.10 Not all carbohydrates are digestible. Chitin Cellulose

  18. Insert new fig 2-26

  19. Fiber “Roughage” Colon cancer prevention/reduction Termites ecological role

  20. Exit Slip • Make a list of carbohydrates you ate today and place them in either the complex carbohydrate or simple carbohydrate category.

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