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“Cellular RESPIRATION”

“Cellular RESPIRATION”. What is the difference between respiration and breathing ?. Respiration. The transfer of stored energy in food molecules to a form usable by the organism AND involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment. Process.

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“Cellular RESPIRATION”

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  1. “Cellular RESPIRATION”

  2. What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

  3. Respiration • The transfer of stored energy in food molecules to a form usable by the organism AND • involves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment

  4. Process • Through the process of respiration, the organism produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is a used form of energy

  5. Process (ADP + P) (ATP) Click on this link and be patient as it loads: From food to Fuel

  6. 1. Cellular Respiration • Involves a series of enzyme-controlled reactions in which _____ in _____ is broken down into energy that the organism can use _____.

  7. Remember: Hydrolysis of ATP When ATP is broken down, energy is released and ADP is formed ____ + ____  ____ + ____ + ____ • This is the energy used by the body to carry out the functions of life • ADP = adenosine diphosphate

  8. Do Now: • What words would you cluster together if you heard the words AEROBIC RESPIRATION? • And explain why? • ____ • ____ • ____ • ____

  9. Glycolysis (splitting glucose) 2PGAL (C3H5O3) ________ (C6H12O6) +2 ATP 2 pyruvic acid ________ Net Gain:??? ________

  10. Glycolysis (____ of ____ glucose) • Net Energy Yield from Glycolysis +___ ATP • Energy requiring steps: • 2 ATP invested • Energy releasing steps: • 2 NADH formed • 4 ATP formed • Net yield is 2 ATP and 2 NADH

  11. Glycolysis (splitting glucose) All three reactions with Glycolysis • Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm • Reactions are catalyzed by enzymes Glucose 2 Pyruvate (six carbons) (three carbons)

  12. Types of Respiration • __________________ -involves the use of oxygen 2. __________________ -oxygen is not used

  13. Respiration Respiration • Respiration- is an organisms’ ability to create energy. (ATP) _______________ Respiration _______________ Respiration _________ Fermentation _________ Fermentation

  14. Anaerobic Respiration • Also known as _________ • Does not require _________ • Takes place in the _________ of cell • Glucose is either broken down into _________ or _____ and _____ • As a result of anaerobic respiration, there is a net gain of _____ ATP’s

  15. The TWO Equations for Anaerobic Respiration lactic acid Fermentation ______ 2 ____ ____ + __ ____ ______  2 _______ + 2 ___ + __ ATP’s • In each equation, enzymes are used and a net gain of 2 ATP’s are produced Alcohol fermentation

  16. Lactic Acid Fermentation 2 ATP 2 pyruvic acid Lactic Acid _______ 4 ATP “Lactic Acid Fermentation

  17. Lactic Acid Fermentation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. .

  18. Alcoholic Fermentation 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic acid ________ Alcohol + CO2 4 ATP “Alcoholic Fermentation”

  19. Alcoholic Fermentation 1. 2. 3. 4.

  20. Alcoholic FermentationIdentify what would “X” be?

  21. Label the picture below:Cellular Respiration: Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 4. _______ _______ _____ 3._________ 2.__________ 1._________

  22. Aerobic Respiration • Requires _________ • Takes place in the __________ • When we say that glucose is_______, we say that it is _______ down with the help of oxygen molecules

  23. Aerobic Respiration • 3 Steps/Stages

  24. Do Now:What does this box represent? _________What reaction is taking place? _________ • Does this happen in plants, animals or both?

  25. Equation for Aerobic Respiration _______ + ____  H2O + ____ + ____ ATP’s • Again, enzymes are used and a net of _____ ATP’s are produced

  26. Aerobic Respiration 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic acid ___ Water + ____ + ________ +4 ATP +34 ATP ***Net Gain = ___ATPs***

  27. Aerobic Respiration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 What else can you tell me about it?

  28. Who am I?

  29. Do Now: What is the relationship between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

  30. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

  31. Video 1 Video 1 • Click the image to play the video segment. Aerobic Respiration

  32. Video 2 Video 2 • Click the image to play the video segment. Glycolysis

  33. Video 3 Video 3 • Click the image to play the video segment. Krebs Cycle, Part 1

  34. Summary • Anaerobic Respiration = 2 ATP’s • Aerobic Respiration = 36 ATP’s • Therefore, Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration

  35. Aerobic Respiration and Photosynthesis http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/fhp/lakes/under/oxygen.htm

  36. Are the lights that hang over this lab setup on or off? Carbon Dioxide Output vs. Time

  37. Adaptations for Respiration

  38. Monera, Protista, and Fungi • Gas exchange occurs by diffusion through a thin, moist cell membrane

  39. Plants • Leaves- have stomates for gas exchange • Stems- have lenticels for gas exchange • Roots- gas exchange occurs across a moist membrane of root hairs (diffusion)

  40. Hydra • Each cell of the hydra is in contact with the watery environment and gas exchange occurs by diffusion

  41. Earthworm • Double Diffusion • Skin • Circulatory System • Requires moist skin • The earthworm absorbs oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide through a thin skin. • This skin is protected by a thin cuticle secreted by the epidermis and kept moist by a slimy mucus also produced by epidermal cells.

  42. Grasshopper • Uses Tracheal Tubes • Air Sacs • Spiracles

  43. TO RESPIRE:inhaling and exhaling… • Inhalation = O2 (oxygen) enters the body system • Exhalation =CO2 (carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body

  44. Your Respiratory System Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles alveoli pleura diaphragm

  45. Synthesis You’re doing A fine job dear….

  46. Your Metabolism has two major phases. • Catabolism-the breaking down of complex substances. • The destructive phase of your metabolism AKA: • Anabolism- the building of new substances. AKA- Synthesis (Digestion or Hydrolysis)

  47. Synthesis • A process by which simple substances are combined “chemically” to form more complex substances. • These materials are used for growth and repair of the organism.

  48. The Borg Ingestion Digestion Transport Synthesis Growth

  49. Cells synthesize (or makes) • their own proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. • use enzymes and energy to synthesize proteins, as do you…. • Cells must constantly make new materials forgrowthand repair.

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