STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

1. 201Lec12.PPT STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS text p. 586 • 4thREQUIRED GAAP Statement. • Covers a period of time (like an income statement). • Focuses on: Inflows of CASH Outflows of CASH

2. Questions the Statement of Cash Flow Answers Where did the cash come from? What was the cash used for? And least importantly, What was the change in the cash balance?

3. Format of the Statement of Cash Flows Four parts (called activities): • Operating -Cash from sales less cash spent on expenses - 2 options: direct or indirect • Investing - Cash in and out from buying and selling of balance sheet items • Financing - Cash in from borrowing or stock issue less cash out from paying back debt, buying treasury stock or paying dividends • Non-cash investing and financing activities (must be “significant” in $$$)

4. SAME AMOUNT 1 - Cash from OPERATING activities: text p. 589 FORMAT - 3 main parts plus schedule Net Income Per income stmt (Accrual basis) xxx + or - Adjustments (Convert to cash basis)xxx Net Cash from Operations xxx Called INDIRECT METHOD A l t e r n a t i v e l y text p. 612 Cash receipts from customers xxx less Cash payments: suppliers xxx operating expenses xxx taxes xxx- xxx Net Cash from Operations xxx Called DIRECT METHOD

5. 2 - Cash from INVESTING activities: Buy or sell PP&E. xxx Buy or sell OTHER company’s stock. xxx Lend Money, Receive repayments. xxx xxx 3 - Cash from FINANCING activities: Borrow money, pay back debt. xxx Buy or sell your OWN stock. xxx Pay dividends. xxxxxx NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH XXX Cash at Beginning of Year (On balance sheet)XXX Cash at End of Year (On balance sheet) XXX

6. 4 - Supporting Schedule SIGNIFICANT NON-CASH Transactions should be disclosed in a separate schedule. For example: Trade stock for a building or Sign note payable for building.

7. EXAMPLES: Operating activities adjustments. 1 - Accrual to Cash conversion: Assume: Sales for year = $100,000. Beginning A/R = $10,000. Ending A/R = 0. Cash Collected? Cash Collected if Ending A/R = $15,000 instead of $0? Operating Activities:Net income XXXX - Increase in A/R ( 5,000) Cash from Operations XXXX If DIRECT method: Operating Activities: Receipts from customers: 95,000

8. Operating activities Indirect Method RULES: • Increasesin allcurrent assets(except cash) requirenegativeadjustments to arrive at cash flow. • Decreasesin allcurrent assets(except cash) requirepositiveadjustments to arrive at cash flow. • Increasesin allcurrent liabilitiesrequirepositiveadjustments to arrive at cash flow. • Decreasesin allcurrent liabilitiesrequirenegativeadjustments to arrive at cash flow.

9. EXAMPLES: Operating activities adjustments. 2 - Noncash revenues or expenses: Assume the following: Cash Revenues 100,000 Cash Expenses 90,000 Depreciation Exp 50,000 NI (40,000) What is Cash Flow? Statement of cash flows: Net income (40,000) + Depreciation 50,000 Cash from Operations 10,000 If DIRECT method: Omit any mention of non-cash expenses! Cash Revenues 100,000 Cash Expenses 90,000 Net cash flow 10,000

10. Additional Indirect Method RULES: • To arrive at operating activities cash flows: Addback non-cash expenses such as: Depreciation Amortization Loss on sale of assets (Also subtract gains.)

11. EXAMPLES: Investing & Financing activities 3 - Examine all Non-current assets and liabilities beginning and ending balances. Assume selected balances are: BeginningEnding Long term assets: Land 100,000 115,000 Long term liabilities: N/P 200,000 175,000 Equity: Common Stock 500,000 600,000 • How did they change? Cash paid or received ? • If no cash involved, significant exchange? • Investing or financing? Note no difference if DIRECT method. Affects only operating activities format.

12. Investing and financing RULES: • Locate investing and financing activity items by reviewing changes in long-term assets, liabilities and equity over the year. - If change used or generated cash, then put on statement of cash flows. - If cash not involved, do nothing unless it’s a significant exchange. Then put on supporting schedule.

13. EXAMPLE: B A L A N C E S H E E T ENDBEGIN Cash 1,000 1,500 A/R 4,000 5,000 Inventory 9,500 8,000 Prepaid Insurance 1,500 0 Land 10,000 0 Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr (19,500)(28,000) Total Assets 66,500 36,500 A/P 6,000 2,000 Unearned Revenue 3,500 7,000 Note Payable 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000 Retained Earnings 21,00011,500 Total Liabs & Equity 66,500 36,500

14. EXAMPLE: I N C O M E S T A T E M E N T Sales 100,000 - CGS -60,000 Gross Profit 40,000 - Depreciation Expense -6,500 - Other Expenses -20,000 Net Income from operations 13,500 - Loss on sale of PP&E -1,000 Net Income 12,500 • Other data: • Land was bought by signing a note • Old building which cost $25,000, accumulated of $15,000, was sold for $9,000 cash • New building was bought for $35,000 cash • Stock was issued for $10,000 cash • Cash dividends paid were $3,000

15. EXAMPLE: Sales 100,000 - CGS -60,000 Gross Profit 40,000 - Depreciation Expense -6,500 - Other Expenses -20,000 Net Income from operations 13,500 - Loss on sale of PP&E -1,000 Net Income 12,500 CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: NET INCOME 12,500 + Depreciation Expense 6,500 + Loss on Sale of PP&E 1,000

16. EXAMPLE: ENDBEGIN Cash 1,000 1,500 A/R 4,000 5,000 Inventory 9,500 8,000 Prepaid Insurance 1,500 0 Land 10,000 0 Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr (19,500)(28,000) Total Assets 66,500 36,500 A/P 6,000 2,000 Unearned Revenue 3,500 7,000 Note Payable 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000 Retained Earnings 21,00011,500 Total Liabs & Equity 66,500 36,500 CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: NET INCOME 12,500 + Depreciation Expense 6,500 + Loss on Sale of PP&E 1,000 + Decrease in A/R 1,000 - Increase in Inventory ( 1,500) - Increase in Prepaid Insurance ( 1,500)

17. CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: NET INCOME 12,500 + Depreciation Expense 6,500 + Loss on Sale of PP&E 1,000 + Decrease in A/R 1,000 - Increase in Inventory ( 1,500) - Increase in Prepaid Insurance ( 1,500) EXAMPLE: ENDBEGIN Cash 1,000 1,500 A/R 4,000 5,000 Inventory 9,500 8,000 Prepaid Insurance 1,500 0 Land 10,000 0 Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr (19,500)(28,000) Total Assets 66,500 36,500 A/P 6,000 2,000 Unearned Revenue 3,500 7,000 Note Payable 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000 Retained Earnings 21,00011,500 Total Liabs & Equity 66,500 36,500 + Increase in A/P 4,000 - Decrease in Unearned Revenue ( 3,500) Net Cash From Operations 18,500

18. EXAMPLE: INVESTING & FINANCING activities. Analyze all noncurrent accountsENDBEGIN Land 10,000 0Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr ( 19,500) ( 28,000) N/P 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000 Retained Earnings 21,000 11,500 All Non - current accounts LAND:Increased $10,000. If bought with Cash, then Investing Activity Other data - land was bought by signing a note. Other than cash > Significant non-cash for schedule.

19. Accum Depr Building Buy new building for $35,000 cash 28000 50000 Depreciation Expense 15000 25000 6500 35000 19500 60000 Sell old building for $9,000 cash EXAMPLE: INVESTING & FINANCING activities. Analyze all noncurrent accountsENDBEGIN Land 10,000 0 Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr ( 19,500) ( 28,000) N/P 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000 Retained Earnings 21,000 11,500 Building: Increased $10,000. Accum Depr: Decreased $8,500.

20. EXAMPLE: INVESTING & FINANCING activities. Analyze all noncurrent accountsENDBEGIN Land 10,000 0Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr ( 19,500) ( 28,000)N/P 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000 Retained Earnings 21,000 11,500 N/P: Increased $10,000. Relates to land purchase discussed earlier.

21. EXAMPLE: INVESTING & FINANCING activities. Analyze all noncurrent accountsENDBEGIN Land 10,000 0Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr ( 19,500) ( 28,000) N/P 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000 Retained Earnings 21,000 11,500 Common Stock:Increased $500. Paid In Capital: Increased $9,500. Other data – Stock was issued for $10,000 cash so 500 shares must have been issued for $20 per share. Financing Activities: $10,000 inflow.

22. Retained Earnings 3,000 of cash dividends were paid. 11500 3000 12500 = Net Income 21000 EXAMPLE: INVESTING & FINANCING activities. Analyze all noncurrent accountsENDBEGIN Land 10,000 0Building 60,000 50,000 Accum Depr ( 19,500) ( 28,000) N/P 10,000 0 Common Stock ( $1 Par) 1,500 1,000 Paid In Capital Excess Par 24,500 15,000Retained Earnings 21,000 11,500 Retained Earnings: Increased $9,500.

23. CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: NET INCOME 12,500 + Depreciation Expense 6,500 + Loss on Sale of PP&E 1,000 + Decrease in A/R 1,000 - Increase in Inventory ( 1,500) - Increase in Prepaid Insurance ( 1,500) + Increase in A/P 4,000 - Decrease in Unearned Revenue ( 3,500) Net Cash From Operations 18,500 CASH FROM INVESTNG ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from building sale 9,000 Purchase of building (35,000) Net Cash From Investing (26,000) CASH FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from stock issuance 10,000 Payment of Dividends ( 3,000) Net Cash From Financing 7,000 NET DECREASE IN CASH ( 500) Cash at beginning of year 1,500 Cash at end of year 1,000

24. SCHEDULE OF SIGNIFICANT NON-CASH EXCHANGES: Land was obtained by signing a $10,000 note payable.

25. Text p 604 Free Cash Flow Cash Provided By Operations – Capital Expenditures – Dividends Paid Free Cash Flow • Considered excess cash available after spending to maintain operational efficiency and shareholders satisfied.

26. Text p 607 Current Cash Debt Coverage Ratio = Cash provided by operations Average current liabilities • Probably better than current ratio in assessing ability to meet current liability payments.