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Bond Polarity and Molecules

Bond Polarity and Molecules. Polarity. shared bonding electrons pairs are pulled (as in a “tug-of-war”) between atoms results in an equal or unequal sharing . Nonpolar covalent bonds. the atoms in the bond pull the shared pair of electrons equally Ex. H 2 , O 2 , N 2 , and Cl 2.

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Bond Polarity and Molecules

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  1. Bond Polarity and Molecules

  2. Polarity • shared bonding electrons pairs are pulled (as in a “tug-of-war”) between atoms • results in an equal or unequal sharing

  3. Nonpolar covalent bonds • the atoms in the bond pull the shared pair of electrons equally • Ex. H2, O2, N2, and Cl2

  4. Polar Covalent Bonds • atoms in the bond pull the shared pair of electrons unequally • Ex: HCl, H2O

  5. BF3

  6. more electronegative atoms have a greater attraction for electrons • gives that “side” of the molecule a slightly negative charge (δ -). • less electronegative atoms therefore have a slightly positive charge (δ +)

  7. What does electronegativity have to do with polarity?

  8. covalent, non-polar covalent, polar ionic

  9. electronegativty difference probable type of bond 0.0 – 0.4 covalent, nonpolar covalent, slightly polar 0.4 – 1.0 covalent, very polar 1.0 – 1.7 ionic ≥ 1.7

  10. Practice problems • H2O • CO2 • CH3Cl • CCl4

  11. polar non-polar

  12. Attractions Between (not within) Molecules • Van der Waals Forces – polar molecules attracted to one another • positive ends are slightly attracted to negative ends • weakest of attractions between molecules • often determines whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or a gas

  13. hydrogen bonding • occurs when positively charged hydrogens are weakly attracted to the unshared electron pairs of another electronegative atom. • stronger than Van der Waals

  14. Hydrogen Bonding in Nature

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