Carl Gustav Jung

1. Carl Gustav Jung The Duke of Dark Corners

2. Individuation • Is a journey through life towards wholeness/ selfhood • To reach wholeness one must reconcile the series of opposing forces in life • It is important to achieve balance- a middle ground

3. Reconciling Opposites • Some common oppositions include: • Good-evil • Extrovert-introvert • Masculine-feminine • Think-feel • Birth-death • Animal-spiritual

4. Equivalence and Entropy • Increase in one area (eg.think) means decrease in another (eg.feel) • The distribution of energy in the psyche seeks an equilibrium or balance • The ideal state of selfhood is balanced but not conflict free

5. Transcendent Function • The joining of various opposing forces into a coherent middle ground. • The Mandala- the magic circle is the symbol for wholeness and perfection

6. Jung’s Psyche

7. Ego • The conscious mind • Like Freud’s ego it is the part of our psyche that is above the surface

8. Personal Unconscious • Repressed memories/ images unique to an individual • Forgotten unpleasant elements which require some digging to be brought to the surface

9. Collective Unconscious • Our psychic inheritance • We are born with a reservoir of experiences faced by the human race • Jung sees a relationship between individual dreams and the myths of peoples

10. Archetypes • An archetype is an inherited predisposition to respond to certain aspects of the world • Powerful patterns of action, creation and organization • Through dreams, myths, stories, and works of art they emerge into consciousness as recurrent images

11. The Persona • It represents the way we present ourselves to the outside world • Comes from the Latin word for ‘mask’ • It is necessary to make a good impression but it may also be a false impression

12. The Self • Represents the centre and the totality of the entire psyche • Goal of living is to realize the self • The God/ divine image-ultimate archetype is the self • The more self-like you are, the less selfish you are • Could be image of wind, a dove, Holy Grail, circle, cross, especially the Mandala

13. The Shadow • The potential of experiencing the unconscious • It may appear as chaos, evil, a threat, or a destructive force- wilderness, dark woods, witch, criminal • The dark side of the self – we must acknowledge our shadows to achieve wholeness

14. The Trickster • Role is to hamper the individual’s progress • May appear as a jester or magician

15. The Anima or Animus • The soul – anima, the male soul; animus, the female soul • Our soul is our inner gender opposite • It is important to get in touch with this aspect of our self if we are to achieve wholeness • It is responsible for our love life-we are always looking for our other half • Love at first sight is almost always anima/animus love

17. Chapter 2 • Dunny sets forth his purpose in writing this memoir to the Headmaster (later says it’s to be read only after his death) • Angry at the patronizing/dismissive “farewell to the Cork” tone of Packer’s summing up of him • 10 books, contributions to Analecta Bollandiana, ‘cast by Fate for the vital though never glorious role of Fifth Business’ (15)

18. Packer a “religious illiterate”(15) • Dunny’s view of humanity: boys are miniature men • Circumstances surrounding his retirement: Dunny’s recent heart attack as Asst. Head and Sr.History Master after the death of lifelong friend Boy Staunton, chairman of the board of school, D.S.B., C.B.E.

19. Chapter 3 • Description of small-town life in early 2th century in Deptford (Thamesville), pop. 500, 15 miles from Pittstown (London). • Scots (D’s mother and father) looked up to as arbiters of “common sense, prudence, and right opinions on virtually everything”(18). • Mr.Ramsay chief mechanic, printer, publisher, and editor of The Deptford Banner • Mrs.Ramsay has the cleanest privy in Deptford • Deptfordians look down on Bowles Corner (pop. 150) inhabitants as hopelessly rustic.

20. Chapter 4 • Mrs.Ramsay the “high priestess” attending and orchestrating the birth of Paul Dempster 80 days premature • Paul’s appearance: “looked so wretched that the doctor and my mother were frightened” (19) red, wrinkled like a tiny man, disproportionate, cry like mewing of kitten (20),hieous, misshapen (21) • Amasa prays that God take Mary and Paul to Him • “one of those people who seem fated to be hurt and thrown aside in life though…thought himself as important an actor as any of the others” (22) “We rarely recognize it when we are indeed supporting characters or even supernumeraries” (22)

21. Percy vs. Dunny over guilt • Difference between Dunny and Percy over the snowball: Dunny overcome with guilt, but Percy denies it. “I knew that he was afraid, and I knew that he would fight, lie, do anything rather than admit what I knew….So I was alone in my guilt, and it tortured me” (23)

22. Dunny’s guilt • “Whoever did it, the Devil guided his hand.” • Second reference to supernatural intervention – Jung’s idea of “synchronicity” • Dunny doubly guilty: first about the deed (even though he didn’t do it has to assume the guilt that Percy won’t) and secondly about covering it up

23. Chapter 5 • Mary has a “face like a pan of milk”(25) • With Paul, “she was as delighted as a little girl with a doll” • Suspicion that Mary is “simple” – breastfeeding unabashedly, gives away everything, laughs like a girl, soft voice, delicacy of expression, waving tendrils of hair – utterly unsuitable for a parson’s wife.

24. Chapter 6 • Dunny assigned job of being unofficial watchdog of Mary and Paul • “Nursie” vs. “Pidgy Boy Boy” • “He and I were rivals, for though I had none of his graces of person or wealth, I had a sharp tongue. I was raw-boned and wore clothes that had often made an earlier appearance on Willie, but I had a turn for sarcastic remarks, which were know to our group as ‘good ones’. • ‘I thought I was in love with Leola….But, looking back on it now, I know I was in love with Mrs. Dempster. (30) • Milo Papple “bughouse” joke – Dunny’s cork retort.

25. Chapter 7 • Isolation from other boys resulting from his allegiance to Mary Dempster • Library job opens him up to world of wonders – Robert-Houdin’s The Secrets of Stage Conjuring and Professor Hoffmann’s Modern Magic and Later Magic. • “As soon as saw them I knew that fate meant them for me. By studying them I should become a conjurer, astonish everybody, win the breathless admiration of Leola, and become a great power.” (33) • Explain the appeal of magic for Donny

26. The Devouring Mother • “She had missed the egg”(35) • Comment on the imagery, connotative diction in the description of the fight between Mrs. Ramsay and Dunny • “I know Ill never have another anxious moment with own dear laddie.” • “How could I reconcile this motherliness with the screeching fury who had pursued me round the kitchen with a whip, flogging me until she was gorged with –what? Vengeance ? What was it? • Thought he knew reading Freud – now not so sure, but “what I knew then was that nobody – not even my mother –was to be trusted in a strange world that showed very little of itself on the surface.” • “It was necessary for me to gain power in some realm which my parents – especially my mother – could not follow me.” (Magic) • “I yearned for my mother’s love and hated myself for having grieved her, but quite as often I recognized that her love had a high price on it and that her idea of a good son was a pretty small potato.”

27. One view of faith • “My teaching abilities had their first airing in that little library, and as I was fond of lecturing, I taught Paul more than I suspected” s(37) • A Child’s Book of Saints: “We are only little babies to Him; we do not understand Him at all….He does not always answer our prayers in the way we would like, but in some but in some better way than we know…He is just a dear old Father” It was a fervent wish that He would come again : “People would not be so cruel to him now. Queen Victoria would not allow anyone to crucify him” (38) • “Like this?” he said, taking the coin from my and performing the pass perfectly…that was the moment I became Paul's instructor” – Fifth Business

28. Thinking vs. Feeling • How does Amasa use his collar and position to get at Dunny and Mary? Dunny’s “froward mouth”; Amasa’s “heavy cross” • Pride posing as humility • Amasa a “feeler” rather than a “thinker” like Dunny and Dunny has learned not to trust strong emotionalism • Card playing “the Devil’s picture book”; Books about saints was a vile superstition from the Scarlet Woman of Rome (Roman Catholic Church) • “it seemed tome that Arabian Nights and the Bible were getting pretty close” • “But I had been worsted by moral bullying, b y Deptford’s conviction that he was right and I was wrong, and that gave him an authority over me based on feeling rather than reason it was my first encounter with the emotional power of popular morality” (43)

29. The Pit as a Protestant Hell • Note imagery in this passage as narrator develops the atmosphere of this desolate place: description of the homeless men driven to madness with alcohol abuse and open air living; the “jungles”, tramps’ bivouacs, the picture of Mrs. D. and the tramp copulating in the bleak, flat light of the flashlight. (47) • “He was very civil, ‘Masa. And he wanted it so badly.”

30. Chapter 11 • View of townspeople:it was consensual;Amasa could lay no charges. Dr.MacCausland said such conduct indicated a “degeneration of the brain...probably progressive”(48) • Amasa resigns as Baptist parson • Mr.Ramsay’s desire to help out family financially causes huge quarrel with Mrs.Ramsay; her charitable façade is hypocritical – cp.Deptford’s tolerance of Cece Athelstan but not of Mary • The shivaree where Amasa shows his moral cowardice

31. What does Dunny see in Mary? • She was a wise woman..”had a breadth of outlook and clarity of vision that were strange and wonderful”….”It was her lack of fear, of apprehension, of assumption that whatever happened was inevitably going to lead to some worse state of affairs, that astonished me and enriched me” (52) • “She was wholly religious. seemed to live in a world of trust that had nothing of the stricken, lifeless, unreal quality of religion about it….She lived by a light that arose from within…it seemed to be something akin to the splendours I found in books” (53) • “I regarded her as my greatest friend, and the secret league between us was the tap-root that fed my life.” • The other side of the coin: disordered cottage, Paul pitifully neglected in appearance, her encounter with the tramp. “I decided that this unknown aspect must be called madness” (57).

32. Chapter 12 • Dunny as a polymath; seen as a smart alec • Encounter with the village atheist who laughs at the ludicrous “facts” of the Bible; but Dunny sees that atheists ar too literal – the Bible and Arabian Night are fabulous (fables) – full of metaphor which speak psychological truth if not literal truth • Leola now the village beauty, and Percy’s girl • Milo Papple develops his comic repertoire further through comic parody rather than breaking wind at will • Percy and Mabel Heighington caught “in flagrante delicto” • Leola forgave Percy “which made me cynical about women” (57) • Percy sent to Colborne College away from Mabel and where his mother couldn’t baby him • Doc Staunton becoming a Sugar King (made a lot of money in sugar beets)

33. Chapter 13 • Willie’s accident in the printing press and immersions • “From two to three I sat in Willie’s room reading and between three and half past I did what I could for Willie while he died” (59). – great example of anticlimax and understatement • Mary’s intervention: her complete lack of self-consciousness: hoisting , up her skirts, running through the streets, praying, holding his hand, later blowing him kisses:: “Willie sighed and moved his legs a little. I fainted.” • “…what possessed me to turn to that woman, an insane degenerate, and bring herinto this house…?” • Doc MacCausland’s theory about "clenched hands”. • Mary’s second miracle? What is her first

34. Chapter 14 • “It was clear that she now regarded a hint of tenderness toward Mrs. Dumpster as disloyalty to herself” (63) • “Deep inside, I knew that to yield and promise what she wanted would be the end of anything that was good in me.” • “I made a third choice.” –decides to enlist underage, breaking ties with family – a symbolic separation from Deptford • “There’s just one thing to remember; whatever happens, it does no good to be afraid.” • “In spite of her best efforts to keep the image of Percy bright in her heart, she discovered she really loved me, and would love me forever, and wait until I returned from the battlefields of Europe” (66)

35. 2: I am Born Again • Life in war: note the verbal economy with which Davies characterizes this period of abject misery and boredom: • Dunny reading the Bible, particularly The Book of Revelations, the Crowned Woman standing on the crescent moon-reminds him of the Arabian Nights • Nicknames “Deacon” and “Charlie” • “They could hardly conceive that anybody who had read the Testament could be other than a Holy Joe –could have another, seemingly completely opposite side to his character.

36. 2: Chapter 2 • November 1917, in • the third battle of Ypres, when Canadians attempted to take Passchendaele – Dunny’s last battle in the Great War • “I had a revolver, and shot all three at point-blank range. They did not even see me. There is no use in saying anything more about it.”(75)

37. Mother Mary Comes to Me • “For 3 years I had kept my nerve by stifling my intelligence, but now I let the intelligence rip and the nerve dissolve I am sure there has been more wretchedness, right and despair in world history, but I set up a personal record that I have never since approached.” • “…a statue of the Virgin and Child. .for the little Virgin was crowned, stood on a crescent moon, which in turn rested on a globe, and in the hand that did not hold the Child she carried a sceptre from which lilies sprang. • “But what hit me worse than the blow of the shrapnel was that the face was Mrs. Dumpster's face.” (77) projection of his anima, a Virgin Mary or mother figure personifying patience, faith, forbearance, wisdom, lack of fear, when he needed these most. • How similar or different is this psychologically from Elaine’s vision of the Virgin Mary on the bridge?

38. 2: Chapter 3 • Return from near-death: the hero undergoes dismemberment ( loss of leg) and must dissociate from the devouring mother. Parents were told he died before they themselves died of the Spanish flu: “I was glad that I did not have to be my mother's own dear laddie any longer…or warp my nature to suit her confident demands. I knew she had eaten my father, and I was glad and I didn’t have to fight any longer to keep her from eating me.” (81) • Diana marks him for her own – the Honorable and Canon epitomize the upper middle class in their attitude to sacrifices to be made in the war

39. 2: Chapter 5 • Sexual initiation by Diana – connects it with his initiation into culture, theatre when he saw the musical show “The two, though very different, are not so unlike in psychological weight as you might suppose. Both were wonders, strange lands revealed to me in circumstances of great excitement.” • Epiphany when he receives the Victoria Cross from the King: “We are public icons, we two: he an icon of kingship, and I an icon of heroism, unreal yet necessary.” Both recognize they are personas – hero and King by force of circumstance or Fate.

40. 2: Chapter 6 • “What was wrong between Diana and me was that she was too much of a mother to me, and as I had had one mother, and lost her, I was not in a hurry to acquire another—not even a young and beautiful one with whom I could play Oedipus to both our hearts’ content.” • “How, I wondered, had I been so stupid as to get myself mixed up with such a pinhead?” (89)-Leola • The break-up:" I was too intellectual, she said, and analyzed matters on which feeling was the only true guide.” (91)Jung says if our dominant function is thinking (conscious mind),our opposite function will be the dominant way the unconscious mind works; however, it will be the weakest cognitive function of which we are conscious. • After Dunstable’s symbolic death and escape from the devouring mother through his night sea-voyage (“the healing sea”) he must re-enter his mother (sexual union with Diana) to be reborn into a new orientation – breaks away from Diana, and is rebaptized (Dunstan) by Diana and reborn (rebis)

41. 2: Chapter 7 • Personas for Dunny and Percy (Venus and Mars) and the love triangle • confused feelings – doesn’t want Leola (pinhead) but doesn’t want Boy to have her (Boy is Dunny’s shadow – feels envy, contempt, spite but doesn’t know why) • Why does he find the “Hang the Kaiser!” enactment so disturbing?

42. 2: Chapter 8 • What did Dunny go into his old house to get? • Significance of the conversation he has with Ada Blake, Willie’s girlfriend? • Milo’s gossip about the townspeople updates us on the changes in the four years that Dunny’s been away from Deptford: • Leola • Boy • Dr Staunton • Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay • Paul • Mary • Amasa • In the Deptford mythology, Leola is the Sleeping Princess and Boy the Rich Young Ruler archetype. • “I boarded the train….and left Deptford in the flesh. It was not for a long time that I realize that I never wholly left it in the spirit” (107)

43. 3:Chapter 1 Dunny goes to U or T – major in History, M.A. – lonely “Youth was not my time to flower.” Percy Boyd is now Boy – persona of the twenties “zeitgeist” – a dashing Scott Fitzgerald figure – knack for making money Dunny envious of his style, charisma,sex appeal yet glad of his financial advice (ambivalence) Boy an extrovert – girls, money, cars,,new challenges Dunny an introvert – intellectual, spiritual, ,single still misses Diana (hard to leave mother figure)

44. Boy as twice-born • Boy is already rebaptized, although by himself • in his second baptism,has left Deptford behind in spirit, unlike Dunny • “It was characteristic of Boy throughout his life that he was always the quintessence of something that somebody else had recognized and defined.” (114) • “Boy seemed to have made himself out of nothing, and he was a marvel.” (114) • Significance of new name?

45. 3: Chapter 3 • Boy marries Leola (Prince marries the sleeping princess – the Cruickshanks keeping Leola in erotic escrow for Boy • Boy has already surpassed his father in wealth ad power (symbolically slaying father) • Boy and Dunny find themselves on the same ship voyaging to Europe but not in the same class (symbolic of their approach to life) • Boy fascinated by Rev.Leadbeater’s view of Christ as a Donald Trump of his time, materialism as beauty (rubies in his handkerchief), and sentimentality as truth (sweet tooth in novels) – all extraversion, outer reality

46. 3: Chapter 2 • Becomes schoolmaster at Colborne College (really Upper Canada College) • Relationship between History (factual truth) and Myth (psychological truth) • Women in his life: Agnes Day (Agnus Dei), Gloria Mundy (Gloria Mundi), Libby Doe (Libido) – had to wait for Love’s Old Sweet Song- the reviving drop of the cauldron of Ceridwen, a Welsh witch, patron of poetry, literature and nature.

47. 3: Chapter 4 • Dunny looks for Madonna wood carving in Belgian battlefields – studies Madonna figures – becomes interested in saints – deepened his sense of wonder and religious awe

48. 3: chapter 5 • Boy becomes aide-de-camp for HRH Prince of Wales -- Boy’s mentor but really a persona figure, not real • Dunny refer to HRH’s tour of Canada as “one of those coincidences that we might be wiser to call synchronicities…something which heaved him, in a stroke, into a higher sphere and maintained him there” (126) • Boy teaches Leola society manners, etiquette – finds her increasingly unsatisfactory as a society wife

49. 3 Chapter 6 • The Stauntons’ first child David is born/ Jazz Age period now over – they are Serious Young Marrieds • Join Anglican Church which makes no demands on them but is the Church where the high WASP society of Toronto go • Boy’s advice to Dunny: “If you don’t hurry up and let life know what you want, life will damned soon show you what you’ll get” (129) • “I wasn’t sure I wanted to issue orders to Life. I rather liked the Greek notion of allowing Chance to take a formative hand in my affairs.” • Dunny – consciously a thinker, but unconsciously a feeler; • Boy – consciously a feeler,but unconsciously a thinker, controlling his life, bullying Leola into submission, judgmental of Dunny • Joel Surgeoner – synchronicity- singling Dunny out as a doubting Thomas – later explains his disdain for police-court truth over stories which “strengthen their faith” • Mary’s submission to him was “glory coming into my life”,proof of God’s grace, a “purifying experience” – a miracle: “She is a blessed saint for what she did for me” • Joel thanks Dunny for his donation: “Do you see now how prayers are answered?” (136)-not always that way we expect them to be • Through Mary Surgeoner is reborn • “What Surgeoner told me made it clear that any new life must include Deptford. There was to be no release by muffling up the path.”cf.Paul and Boy who can’tdo enough to escape their past.

50. 3: Chapter 7 • Mr.Mahaffey (magistrate) has sneaking suspicion that Dunny knows more about the snowball incident than he’s letting on • Is Dunny right to feel guilty still? “I still had a grudge against Boy for what he had done, but I remembered too that if I had not been so sly, Mr Dempster would not have been hit” (137) • Sees Fr. Regan about Mary’s 3 miracles which would make her a saint – Regan pokes holes in his arguments – warns him against romanticizing Catholicism, flirting with “Mother Church”: “You like the romance, but you can’t bear the yoke” (138) • Thinks Mary is a ‘fool-saint’ – someone who does good but it means nothing because they’re fools, or mad – Prudence is one of the cardinal virtues • Is Regan a Wise Old Man archetype? Wise but limited in his wisdom; not open to anything but strict Church dogma- this a problem for Jung who thought Church too narrow in its view of Christ – psychological truth again: Mary is a real saint for Dunny • Dunny ignores Father’s advice and visits Mary again