The Rise of the Atlantic Economy

1. The Rise of the Atlantic Economy Unit 3 Chapters 5

2. Note to Students • This PowerPoint was created using a combination of your textbook as well as other sources/texts. • In order to shorten the length of the PPT, I have left out numerous details. • Students are responsible for getting these details from the text and class discussions. • I suggest that students print this PPT and use it to take notes from the text, ID Cards, and class discussions.

3. Expansion of the European Economy • Age of Exploration leads to expansion of the European economy • Decline of Italy • Rise of Spain, England, France, and Netherlands as economic centers • Stimulation of the economy led to • Bills of Exchange • Banking

4. Age of Exploration • Portugal and Spain lead the “Age of Exploration” • Portuguese Exploration • Henry the Navigator • Bartholomew Dias • Vasco da Gama • Spanish Exploration • Christopher Columbus • Conquistadors • Hernan Cortes • Francisco Pizarro

7. Machu PicchuBuilt by the Incan Empire

8. The Colonial Economy • Europeans established colonies • Mercantilism: the colonies were exploited for the benefit of the mother country • Used resources from colonies to increase treasury of gold and silver • Haciendas and/or plantations formed for agricultural production • Sugar most important ag. commodity • Mines created to extract precious metals • Gold and SILVER (Potosi in S. Am)

11. Population Growth • Europe’s population increased in the 16th century • Increased agricultural production • “Enclosure” led to private property • Good for those with land, bad for those without • New food crops from the Americas • Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, squash, beans, peppers

12. The Price Revolution • Price Revolution • Prices were on the rise in Europe • Increase in population led to higher demand for basic necessities • Influx of silver from the Americas led to inflation

13. State Building • The nations of western Europe begin to develop stronger, more centralized government systems. • Spain • England • France • Netherlands

14. Spain • Before 1400’s, Spain was divided into several different kingdoms • Mostly Christian in the Northern areas • Muslims controlled Southern Spain

15. Spain • 1469: Ferdinand and Isabella marry to unite most of the Iberian Peninsula • Refer to ID Cards for Chapter 5 • “Reconquista” begins • Spanish Inquisition

17. Spain • Charles V (grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella) controlled a HUGE amount of territory. • Refer to ID Cards for Chapter 3 • Charles’ reign • 1519-1556

18. Empire of Charles V

19. Spain • In 1556, Charles V abdicated the Hapsburg throne. • His brother, Ferdinand I, took over the HRE • His son, Philip II, assumed the throne of Spain

20. Spain • Although Spain had the largest empire in Europe and pulled huge quantities of silver out of mines in the Americas, Spain still had money problems • Spent money defending against Ottoman aggression in the Mediterranean • Battle of Lepanto (1571) • Spain spent much of its silver buying luxury good from Asia • Price Revolution harmed Spain’s economy

21. Policies of Philip II of Spain • Reign of Philip II: 1556-1598 • See the ID Card for Philip II for more information • Philip II reigned during a time when Spain was at the height of its power, but he also oversaw Spain’s dramatic decline. • Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 • Economic problems (costly wars, poor economic policy, etc) • Dutch Revolt • Conflict with France and England

22. Cultural Achievements in Spain • Don Quixote by Cervantes • Art: • El Greco

23. Homework for Tuesday (9/25) • Numbered heads together…. • What caused the Dutch Revolt? • What impact did the Dutch Revolt have on Spain? • Trace the economic development of the Dutch Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries. • Trace the cultural achievements of the “Golden Age of the Dutch Republic”.

24. France • Bourbon Family • Replaced the Valois as the ruling family • Came to power with Henry IV • Edict of Nantes (1598) • Refer back to ID Cards from Chapter 4

25. France • Louis XIII ascended to throne after his father’s assassination • Ruled from 1610-1643 • Cardinal Richelieu served as Louis XIII’s royal advisor. • Refer to ID Cards for Chapter 4

26. England • War of the Roses • Civil war between the Yorks and Lancasters • Henry Tudor established the Tudor Dynasty in England • Henry Tudor known as Henry VII • Defeated Richard III in 1485 • Be careful not to confuse the Henrys of England with the Henrys of France. • Refer to the government charts posted online under “He was King of which country????”

27. England • Henry VIII • Reigned from 1509-1547 • Founder of the Anglican Church • Also known as the Church of England • Refer to ID Card and text for additional detail.

28. England • Edward VI • Reigned from 1547-1553 • Mary Tudor • Reigned from 1553-1558

29. England • Elizabeth I • Reigned from 1558-1603

30. Defeat of the Spanish Armada

31. Elizabethan Renaissance • Queen Elizabeth was known for patronage of the arts • William Shakespeare (playwright) • Famous works: Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Taming of the Shrew, King Lear, Othello,

32. England • 1603: Elizabeth I died without an heir • James VI of Scotland (her cousin) inherited the throne • He became known as James I of England • The Stuarts took the place of the Tudors as the ruling family of England