Dr. P. santhy , professor Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, india

1. LIFE LONG LEARNING THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE – INDIAN SCENARIO Dr. P. santhy, professorTamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, Tamil Nadu, india

2. Importance of strengthening Higher Education systems in Agriculture in Developing countries • Global report of the Inter-Academy Council , 2004 • The World Development Report , 2008 • The report of the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development ,2008 • The G8 summit, 2008

3. Higher Education • Innovative Methods of Content Development • Management and Delivery

4. New collaborative online spaces viz., • Web 2.0 • Open up traditionally closed educational systems with the availability of • Digital network • Improved access to computing Open educational resources (oers)

5. An RLO is -an independent unit of learning content -that is designed for reuse -in multiple instructional contexts, -the smallest standalone unit of learning -on a specific topic Polsani, 2003 Reusable learning object (RLO)

6. Self-contained and small to focus the learner’s attention. They avoid duplication, easy to update and cost-effective. RLOs can be made available in offline mode RLOs can be combined and used in any number of ways to meet a wide range of learning objectives.

7. An independent and self-standing unit of learning content that is predisposed to reuse in multiple instructional context RLO is a type of online instruction that provides a digital educational resource That can be reused, scaled and shared from a central online repository in the support of instruction / learning Each RLO supports a single learning objective An RLO is characterized as

8. Learning objective Knowledge / instruction and Assessment option RLO components

9. RLOs can be implemented in a variety of digital modes including • Text entries Images • Illustration Photographs • Power Point slides Figures • Maps Graphs • Simulations Models • Audio Video • flash animations interactive tools and their combinations Implementation

10. Topical RLOs should be thought of as the smallest possible educational unit 2 - 15 minutes of learning - to accommodate the short attention span of learners Several RLOs can be brought together in order to create an instructional situation A sequence of RLOs may form a course to community-based online setting that provides a learning experience.

11. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi Funded National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP) Innovations in Technology Mediated Learning : An Institutional Capacity Building in using re-usable learning objects in Agro-Horticulture utilizes this tool for teaching and learning The project

12. To generate, review and publish approved learning material for use in RLO format by Distance Education institutions for capacity building. To build a national repository in digital mode on agro-horticulture for use in Distance education aimed at rural learners and to link it with three university level repositories To asses impact of new methods of combining ODL & ICT on rural livelihoods and on partnerships Objectives

13. Indira Gandhi Nation Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University (YCMOU), Nasik, Maharashtra International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad consortium

14. 100 RLOs on each topic Horticulture Nursery Management High Value Crops Production Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Agro-horticulture Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) in Agro-horticulture Post Harvest Value Addition in Agro-horticulture Working on

15. 600 RLOs thus created will be uploaded in the specially designed website www.AgriLore.com NAIP supported Agropedia architecture This website has been designed in technical collaboration with IIT, Kanpur. Execution

16. All these RLOs will also be translated in to regional languages of • Tamil (Tamil Nadu) • Marathi (Maharashtra) and • Bengali (Tripura) for easy reach of the farmers of that particular state. Furthur.,

17. These learning materials thus created in all the four centres will be compiled to create a national repository A stock of learning material will be available under open educational resource The needed information can be browsed at any time by the needy farmer with a personal login ID and password. Utilization

18. The content in the form RLO’s becomes an online asset It allows for closed-group review and publication of expert-derived RLO’s, Allows sharing of practitioner tips and notes, from learners and faculty located in different geographical locations. Conclusion

19. Model rloBacterial Diseases in Banana

20. Pseudomonas Wilt Erwinia Rot Major Bacterial Diseases

21. Pseudomonas Wilt

22. This disease occurs in scattered plants or groups of plants. Wilting of terminal leaves, followed in 2-3 days by a sudden and permanent wilt. Adventitious roots may develop on the main stems. Symptoms

23. Other Symptoms • Browning of vascular region. • Later stages browning of cortex near the soil .

24. Bacteria streaming can be seen when a freshly cut stem is suspended in water. • Normal stem Affected Stem

25. The pathogen survives in soil for extended periods without a host plant. It enters roots through wounds, which may be caused by insects, nematodes, and cultivation. High temperature and high soil moisture favor disease development. Mode of Spread

26. Disease can be minimized by exposing soil to sunlight. Selection of healthy planting material, eradication of infected plants. Disinfecting cutting knives and providing better drainage. Management practices

27. Flower visiting insects are main agents for transmitting the disease and this is a good reason for following the practice of removing the bud from the male axis before the bunch matures. (Cont)…

28. Herbicides, e.g., 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T, can be used to kill infected plants in situ and dieldrin sprayed onto a chopped down mat will prevent insects transmitting the disease to the unaffected plants.

29. This is a minor bacterial disease Symptoms It is characterized by a massive soft odorous rot of the centre or a portion of the rhizome. Erwinia rot or soft rot of Rhizome /Touch down (Erwinia spp.)

30. The rot progresses up the pseudostem destroying the growing point and causing internal decay often with vascular discoloration

31. Externally, the symptoms sometimes resemble those of Fusarium wilt. Yellowing and wilting of the leaves are the characteristic symptoms.

32. Soil drenching with bleaching powder was found beneficial. Soil and plant drenching with bleaching powder at 2 g/l water at an interval of 10-15 days was found effective in controlling the disease. Control

33. 1. Erwinia rot is otherwise known as a. Soft rot b. Wilt c. Root rot d. Stem rot 2. Browning of vascular system is common in a. Soft rot b. Pseudomonas wiltc. Fusarium wilt d. Root rot 3. Bacterial streaming can be seen a. Bacterial wilt b. Fusarium wilt c. Root rot d. stem rot 4. Bleaching powder is used for the management of a. Erwinia rot b. Bacterial wilt c. Fusarium wiltd. Stem rot 5.Rottng of rhizome is common in a. Rhizome rot b. stem rot c. Fusarium wilt d. Root rot Assessment

34. Thank you