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Modern Laser for High Energy Particle Acceleration: A long term view

Modern Laser for High Energy Particle Acceleration: A long term view. Gérard Mourou Institut de Lumière Extreme EUROnnac CERN 3 May 2011. Contents. Low Luminosity Paradigm Single shot PeV High-Energy particle Laser Low Rep. Rate High Energy Laser MJ, Low Average power. 100W

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Modern Laser for High Energy Particle Acceleration: A long term view

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  1. Modern Laser for High Energy Particle Acceleration:A long term view Gérard Mourou Institut de Lumière Extreme EUROnnac CERN 3 May 2011

  2. Contents • Low Luminosity Paradigm • Single shot PeV High-Energy particle • Laser Low Rep. Rate High Energy Laser MJ, Low Average power. 100W • High Luminosity Paradigm(collider) • Recurrent Laser 15 kHz, High average Power 500MW • Search for the Efficient Laser Driver • Thin disk laser • Fiber laser (CAN Coherent Amplification Net work) • ICAN(International Coherent Amplification Network)

  3. Towards the PeV single ShotUsing MJ laser At 1joule per GeV, a laser Megajoule laser after compression to the ps Level could produce PeV particles. Physics: Texture of Vacuum and testing General Relativity

  4. High Luminosity ParadigmeCollider Application Recurrent Laser, 15 kHz and GW Average Power

  5. 100J/10Hz Luli Energy vs. Rep. Rate 0.5GW , 5GeV Collider ( 2x 500Stages) Wahoo!! 1 Stage, .5MW, 32J, 17kHz 10 M J LMJ/NIF 1 M J 1 kW de puissance moyenne 100 k J LIL 10 k J 1 k J LULI 2000 pico 2000 150J/.1Hz Jena LULI Energie par impulsion 100 J 1 W de puissance moyenne 10 J LULI 100TW 1 J Commercial 0,1 J 104 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 10 2 10 10 10 10 10 1 10 Taux de répetition (Hz)

  6. Here the efficiency is at a premium! 1 GW consumption means an electric bill of a 1B€/year 1% difference in efficiency cost 10-20M€/year

  7. Search for High Average Power and Efficient Driver Laser Thin Disk Fiber Amplifier

  8. Thin Disk laser Driver

  9. Fiber Laser Driver

  10. Fiber vs. Bulk lasers • High Gain fiber amplifiers allow ~ 50% total plug-to-optical output efficiency reachable • Single mode fiber amplifier have reached 10kW optical power. • large bandwidth (100fs) • High rep. rate 10kHz>1/tf, highly desirable for diode stability, lifetime and system noise • excellent beam quality • efficient, diode-pumped operation Pigtail pumping vs stacks • high single pass gain • They can be mass-produced at low cost.

  11. Fiber laser Pigtailed pumped instead of stack laser pumped Diode pump inner cladding active core refractive index profile laser radiation Øco Øcl Single mode Øco~10 outer cladding n Pigtailed

  12. The CAN concept, opening to the scalability  Laser concept based on a diode-pumped fiber network of femtosecond pulses  Device possibly based on standard, cheap and reliable telecom components • - Laser architecture allowing high peak / high average powers are desired for future societal application • Coherent combining demonstrated for CW regime, few experiments in ns regime, no results yet in fs regime • Coherent combining required for some application not for all of them Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

  13. 500x1.0 MW Fiber bundles1mJ/fiber x 15kHz=15W1MW/15W/fiber= 70 103 Fibers/bundles They will be all coherently phased. Electron/positron beam Transport fibers ~1mm ~70cm Length of a fiber ~2m Total fiber length~ 5 104km

  14. The CAN Project:(a ANR-National Project)

  15. Insertion des fibres 64-Fiber Mock-up • Insertion des fibres • Insertion des 64 fibres, alignement PM (° près), collage • Polissage collectif de la surface de sortie des fibres • Composant intégré pour le maintien des fibres

  16. Matrice de microlentilles • Caractéristiques F = 5,7mm Réalisation par lithographie • Mesure du pas 20µm ± 1µm 1500 µm ± 1µm

  17. Matrice de microlentilles • Mesure du profil Profil (mm) --- Sphère théorique --- Profil mesuré 0 -5 -10 Comparaison avec la sphère théorique λ / 10 sur 80% de l’ouverture λ / 3 sur la totalité 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 (mm)

  18. Phase control

  19. Ampli 1 W 1 vers 16 PM 1 vers 16 Ampli 1 W Ampli 1 W PM Ampli 1 W DL 1 vers 16 PM Contrôleur de polar l=1,5µm PM 1 vers 16 Ampli 1 W PM Génération des 64 faisceaux • Génération de 64 faisceaux fibrés

  20. Insertion des fibres • Toron de 64 fibres réalisé

  21. Wave-front Measurement

  22. Généralités sur l’IDQL • IDQL: Interféromètre à Décalage Quadri-Latéral • Technique d’analyse de front d’onde auto-référencée • Principe: analyse de l’interférence du front d’onde avec lui même après duplication et décalage latéral k1,1 s k-1,1 s k1,-1 s zd k-1,-1 s z Aberration sphérique • Utilisations usuelles: Métrologie optique, caractérisation laser, optique adaptative sur des surfaces continues • Fonctionne également sur des surfaces segmentées (marches de phase)

  23. Expérimentalement • Avec notre analyseur expérimental: ajout d’une lentille d’imagerie • Nécessité d’adapter la taille de la matrice de faisceaux (grandissement g) • Nécessité d’éliminer l’effet de la divergence des faisceaux gaussiens au niveau du détecteur (conservation de la lacunarité) d di Caméra Réseau Lentille Condition:

  24. Analyse de l’interférogramme • Jeux de franges de même pas dans les deux sens • Déphasage entre deux fibres adjacentes codé dans le déplacement des franges • Analyse du déplacement relatif des franges • Sinusoïdes  Démodulation synchrone spatiale sur toute la figure • Récupération des 7x8 8x7 valeurs de différences • Reconstruction de la cartographie de phase matriciellement Interférogramme expérimental Gradient X Gradient Y

  25. 64 CW fibers have been phased(Private com. A. Brignon Thales)

  26. Phase Locking in the Femtosecond Regime

  27. CAN recent results / phase locking technique In the femto second Combining efficiency > 90% L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, P. Georges “Coherent combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplifiers“ Oral : Advanced Solid State Photonics, ASSP 2011, Istanbul, Turkey  (February 13-16 2011) Accepted: Optics Letters, L. Daniault et al, « Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplifiers » Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

  28. CAN recent results / phase locking technique (2) Spectra 4.3 nm FWHM Autocorrelations 325 fs pulsewidth Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

  29. Diode cost Stacks Laser Diode 20000 hours Pigtailed Diode >50000 hours

  30. Fiber pigtailed single emitters VS stacks Cost in € / Watt 2D Stacks Fibered emitters 3.5 B€ in laser diodes

  31. Fiber pigtailed single emitters VS stacks Cost in € / Watt / year Stacks 2D Emetteurs fibrés Assump.: - 1 year = 200 days ; 24 hours per day - lifetime: stacks = 20.000 h ; fiber pigtailed single emitters = 50.000 h

  32. The International Coherent Amplification Initiative CERN Different communities joining their efforts towards the collaborative evaluation of the fiber CAN concept as one of the possible solutions for the next laser-based driver generation: • Laser & fibre communities • High energy physics community  Final goal : definition, conception, design and realisation of such a laser Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

  33. A first targeted step of 2 years • 1 proposal submitted to Brussels (Type of funding scheme: Coordination and support actions (Supporting)) • 18 participants from laser, fibre and high energy physics communities already behind the ICAN project • To be organized in 2012-2013 : • Conferences • Workshops The proposal has been Favorably Rated by the EU Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

  34. Conclusions Low luminosity Paradigm: PeV particles, single shot could be produced by laser acceleration. High Luminosity Paradigme: Preliminary studies with CAN have demonstrated that the possibility to build an efficient laser driver for a GW, TeV, collider seems at this point possible . The ICAN program in 18 months hopefully will help us to confirm this opinion

  35. Laser Acceleration-Telecom Cycle Coherent Amplifying Network+ Laser Wake Field WWW Tim Berners-Lee Optical Fiber Charles Kao

  36. Acknowledgements to our Fiber Accelerator Team • Toshiki Tajima, ILE, MPQ, Garching: Laser acceleration • Jean-Pierre Koutchouk, CERN: Accelerator • Almantas Galvanauskas U. Michigan: Fiber amplification • Johan Nilsson, ORC, U. Southampton: fiber amplification, fabrication: • Marc Hanna: Institut d’ optique: Fibers Phasing • Vincent Michau ONERA: Fiber Phasing • Matthieu Somekh Ecole Polytechnique: Diode laser • Catherine Sarrazin: Adminsitrative Assistant Institut Lumière Extrême

  37. The Moral of this talk HighPeak Power High Average Power Telecom

  38. Fibre laser strengths & limitations   - Initial & running cost - Reliability / Robustness - Maintenance - Footprint - Frequency - Beam Quality - Scalability of the energy in a single fibre in short pulse laser operation Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration – Paris, January 14, 2011 – Matthieu Somekh

  39. Can technology obey Moore’s Law?Yes for Patterned Structures. Bob Beyers’dictum

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