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Marine Birds

Marine Birds. Marine Vertebrates: Lecture 6. Amniote relationships. Birds vs. other reptiles. Feathered wings (airfoils) Honeycombed bones (hollow spaces) Reduction of organs Females have one ovary Absence of teeth Endothermic Higher metabolic rates needed for flight

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Marine Birds

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  1. Marine Birds Marine Vertebrates: Lecture 6

  2. Amniote relationships

  3. Birds vs. other reptiles • Feathered wings (airfoils) • Honeycombed bones (hollow spaces) • Reduction of organs • Females have one ovary • Absence of teeth • Endothermic • Higher metabolic rates needed for flight • Respiration: efficient, one-way flow • Circulation: four-chambered heart • Acute visual systems • Coordination of flight

  4. What defines a marine bird (or “seabird”)?

  5. Osmotic balance: seabirds • Acquiring water • Diet • How would a diet of Osteichthyes promote osmotic balance? • What about an invertebrate diet? • Drink • Marine birds do not require fresh water • May drink if available • Actively avoid drinking seawater • Mechanisms for water expulsion? • Penguin regurgitate example • Metabolically-produced water (e- transport)

  6. Osmotic balance: seabirds • Water loss • Skin • Sweat glands • Exhalation • Able to control? • Excretion of water and ions • Kidneys • Long/densely-packed “Loops of Henle” • Intestines (no role) • Salt glands (supraorbital, NaCl, 2X seawater)

  7. Thermoregulation • How does the thermal climate of seabirds compare to terrestrial birds? • Tropical • Polar • Fat and feathers • Special oils • BMR

  8. Sensory systems Vision Odor

  9. Seabird Orders • Sphenisciformes • Penguins! • Pelicaniformes • Pelicans, frigatebirds, gannets, boobies, cormorants • Procellariformes • Albatrosses, petrels, storm-petrels, fulmars, shearwaters • Charadriiformes • Gulls, skuas, jaegers, auks, guillemots, puffins

  10. Focus: Sphenisciformes • Anatomical adaptations for diving • Bones • Hindlimbs • Forelimbs • Air sacs • Feathers • Carotid arteries • Size and diving

  11. Penguins: Distribution 1 African Little Fjordland Snares Island Erect Crested Rockhopper Yellow-eyed Galapagos Humboldt Magellanic Gentoo Rockhopper Macaroni

  12. Distribution 2: Antarctic penguins King* Macaroni* Gentoo Rockhopper Royal *Broadly distributed Gentoo Chinstrap Adelie Emperor

  13. Focus: Adelie Penguins • Feeding: • Interrelationship of ice, phytoplantkon, krill and penguins • Breeding • Adelies and global climate

  14. Focus: Emperor Penguins • Feeding • Breeding • Comparison with Adelies • Decline and global climate

  15. Order Procellariiformes • Overview • The tubenose… • Focus: Albatrosses • General • Feeding • Foraging • Flight Black-browed albatross Photo: K. Haberman

  16. Order Procellariiformes • Focus: storm petrels • Feeding • Nesting Wilson’s storm petrel Photo: K. Haberman

  17. Order Procellariiformes • Focus: Southern Giant Petrel (defense) Southern giant petrel Photo: K. Haberman

  18. Order Procellariiformes • Focus: prions (feeding) Fairy prion Photo: Hadoram Shirihai

  19. Order Pelecaniformes • Focus: Brown Pelican

  20. Order Pelecaniformes • Focus: Cormorants Blue-eyed shag Photos: K. Haberman

  21. Order Charadriiformes • Focus: Gulls Kelp gulls Photo: K Haberman

  22. Order Charadriiformes • Focus: South Polar Skua South Polar Skua Korean Antarctic program

  23. Order Charadriiformes • Focus: Puffins Common puffin Photo: K Haberman

  24. Order Charadriiformes • Focus: Oregon coastal seabirds Pigeon guillemots Photo: K Haberman Common murre Photo: Nick Kontonicolas

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