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Final Exam Review

Final Exam Review. The Sequel. Chapter 10 Lesson 1. Energy Processing in Plants. How do materials move through plants?. Vascular tissue Xylem – water enters through roots, water and nutrients carried to all parts Phloem – carries liquid sugar from photosynthesis

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Final Exam Review

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  1. Final Exam Review The Sequel

  2. Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Energy Processing in Plants

  3. How do materials move through plants? • Vascular tissue • Xylem – water enters through roots, water and nutrients carried to all parts • Phloem – carries liquid sugar from photosynthesis • Stomata - Carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen

  4. How do plants perform photosynthesis? • Capture energy in light • Occurs in chloroplasts • Chlorophyll reflects green light and makes plants appear green, absorbs other light • Water molecules split apart • Releases oxygen Carbon dioxide + hydrogen (from water) + light = sugar + oxygen

  5. Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water  sugar + oxygen light energy 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 chlorophyll

  6. What is cellular respiration? • Releases energy stored in the chemical bonds in food • Used to make ATP, useable form of energy • Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria • Most organisms (plants and animals) Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy) C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

  7. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? • Photosynthesis requires light, carbon dioxide, and water and results in sugar/glucose and oxygen • Cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis (sugar/glucose and oxygen) and results in carbon dioxide, water, and ATP • Plants, some protists, some bacteria do photosynthesis • Almost all plants and animals do cellular respiration

  8. Chapter 20 Lesson 1 Abiotic Factors

  9. What are the nonliving parts of an environment? • Necessary for a well-functioning ecosystem • The Sun • Source of almost all energy • Warmth and light • Affects climate and temperature • Climate • Average weather conditions • Includes temperature, moisture, wind • Influences where an organism can live

  10. Abiotic Factors continued • Temperature • Influences where an organism can survive • Water • Required for all life • Most organisms are made mostly of water • Every ecosystem must contain some water to support life • Atmosphere • Mostly nitrogen and oxygen • Protection from the harmful rays of the Sun

  11. Abiotic Factors continued • Soil • Rocks, water, air, minerals, remains of organisms • Ecosystem • Water, soil texture, and nutrients affect what organisms can live in soil

  12. Chapter 20 Lesson 2 Cycles of Matter

  13. How does matter move in ecosystems? • Water Cycle • 70% of Earth • 97% of water is in oceans • Evaporation, transpiration, exhalation, cellular respiration put water vapor into air • Condensation – clouds • Precipitation

  14. The Nitrogen Cycle • Part of proteins, DNA • Nitrogen has to be “fixed” • Lightning • Bacteria – soil and atmosphere • decaying matter • Waste • Plants take in nitrogen

  15. The Oxygen Cycle • respiration and photosynthesis • Oxygen and carbon dioxide • The Carbon Cycle • Atmosphere: combustion, cellular respiration • Water: photosynthesis • Soil: plants, protists, bacteria, decomposition

  16. Fossil fuels – coal, oil, natural gas • The greenhouse effect

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