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Agriculture Notes

Agriculture Notes. IPM – Integrated Pest Management IPM involves the use of not one but several different methods of pest control. IPM Goals. Select a combination of nonchemical methods and, if necessary, less harmful chemicals for pest control

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Agriculture Notes

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  1. Agriculture Notes IPM – Integrated Pest Management IPM involves the use of not one but several different methods of pest control

  2. IPM Goals • Select a combination of nonchemical methods and, if necessary, less harmful chemicals for pest control • Not to eliminate pests, but instead to keep pests populations below a economic/action threshold • Economic/action threshold – the level of infestation or damage that a crop can tolerate without an unacceptable economic loss

  3. IPM techniques • Resistant varieties – varieties of crops that are resistant to attack by a specific pest. Resistant varieties can be produced through artificial selection or genetic engineering. Example – apples that have been bred to be resistant to apple scab

  4. Apples afflicted with apple scab http://botit.botany.wisc.edu

  5. IPM Techniques • Beneficial insects – using natural predators to control a pest’s population. Example – parasitic wasps • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/bugs-animals/bees-and-wasps/wasp_parasitic/ • Microbial pesticides – using microscopic organisms to control a pest’s populations Example – Milky spore http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhJORk-UX-k

  6. IPM techniques • Birth control, example – Sterilizing male insects. When the male insects mate with untreated females, the females lay eggs that do not hatch • Biochemical pesticides – naturally occurring substances that control pests by nontoxic methods. Example – Japanese beetle traps work because they contain a chemical that smells like a female beetle

  7. Japanese Beetle Traps are baited with sex attractants called pheromones http://www.bhg.com/

  8. IPM Techniques • Cultivation practices – timing the planting and harvesting of crops to reduce damage caused by pests • Synthetic pesticides – IPM allows for the use of synthetic pesticides. IPM does not rely on synthetic pesticides and attempts to use less dangerous/toxic pesticides • Computer programs – Data driven application of pesticides

  9. Pros of IPM • -Biological controls are usually cheaper than chemical controls. • -Using IPM is often not as environmentally harmful as using pesticides alone. • -Biological controls often kill only the target insect (and not the “innocent” ones that may be beneficial to humans). • -Using IPM does not encourage the development of resistant pests as much as using chemical pesticides alone. -Using IPM is a more sustainable form of agriculture

  10. Cons of IPM • Using an IPM program requires a greater understanding of the pests and the environment than using pesticides alone • Often involves significantly more time and money than using pesticides alone • Natural enemies of pests can sometimes become pests themselves

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