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Indus

Indus . Indus Valley Civilization. The largest of the ancient world civilizations K nown as the Harappan Civilization , as the first of its cities to be unearthed was the one at Harappa Excavated in the 19 th century Present day Pakistan

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Indus

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  1. Indus

  2. Indus Valley Civilization • The largest of the ancient world civilizations • Known as the Harappan Civilization, as the first of its cities to be unearthed was the one at Harappa • Excavated in the 19th century • Present day Pakistan • Most noted for their urban planning and sanitation system • Their writing system has not been deciphered (no Rosetta Stone, which is Greek, Demonic and Hieroglyphics) • No great monuments, pyramids, ziggurats

  3. MohenjoDaro • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRNgJJjTh8I&feature=related

  4. City Planning of Indus • Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were a mile square, with defensive outer walls. • Cities had a citadel for public meetings. • Harappan settlements were found built of mud bricks, burnt bricks and chiseled stones • The streets of major cities such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were laid out in a perfect grid pattern, • The street layout showed an understanding of the basic principles of traffic, with rounded corners to allow the turning of carts easily. • These streets divided the city into 12 blocks.

  5. Citadel of MohenjoDaro

  6. Grid System

  7. Drainage & Sanitation • The Indus civilization had an elaborate sanitary and drainage system, the hallmark of ancient Indus cities., • Each and every house had a connection with the main drain. • Inspection holes for maintenance. • Drains in the streets for rain water

  8. Economics • The economies of the Harappan and Sumerian civilizations were very similar. • Relied on trade • Traded with each other • The Sumerians exported mostly textiles and crops, while the Harappans traded in lumber, copper, gold and ivory, which were bought by the Sumerian royalty. • The Harappans developed ox-carts and small flat-bottomed boats all of which were used commercially.

  9. Ancient China Ms. Jerome

  10. What is of value to Ancient Chinese culture: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWb7Rvvtblc

  11. Ancestral Veneration • “in the absence of organized religion or official priesthood in ancient China, the patriarchal head of the family presided at rites and ceremonies honoring ancestors’ spirits.” • Therefore, the family patriarch possessed tremendous authority. • No organized religion in ancient China (change from other river valley civilizations)

  12. Oracle Bones • In Mesopotamia and India, merchants pioneered writing • In China, the earliest known writing served the interests of rulers rather than traders. • One medium for writing was oracle bones.

  13. Oracle Bones • Used by fortune-tellers in ancient China • Specially prepared bones (turtle shells, bones of sheep) to inscribe questions. • Subjected to heat • When heated, the bone cracked • Fortune tellers then studied the patterns and determined answers

  14. Will the harvest be productive?

  15. Chinese writing • The earliest form of Chinese writing was the pictograph • The characters used in contemporary Chinese writign are direct descendants of those used in Shang times.

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