History of short films

1. History of short films By Jak Cochrane

2. The Lumiere brothers (1895) • The Lumières held their first private screening of projected motion pictures in 1895. Their first public screening of films at which admission was charged was held on December 28, 1895, In Paris. They showed 10 films and each one was 50 seconds in length.

3. Steam train (1974) • A Steam Train Passes is an award winning Australian 1974 short film set in the 1940s, featuring the construction and operation of locomotive 3801. • Directed by David Haythornwaite • Produced by Anthony Buckley • Starring Chris O'Sullivan and Harold Fowler • Cinematography Dean Semler • Editing by Wayne LeClos • Distributed by Film Australia

4. Etienne-Jules Maray (1882) • is widely considered to be a pioneer of photography and an influential pioneer of the history of cinema. • Created a ‘photographic gun’ in 1882 that was able to capture 12 consecutive frames a second. • He mostly filmed and researched animals but later in life he began work on smoke trails and created an advanced smoke machine (the first of its kind)

5. Luis Bunuel (1920) • Was a Spanish filmmaker who worked in Spain, Mexico and France. When Luis Buñuel died at age 83, his obituary in the New York Times called him "an iconoclast, moralist, and revolutionary who was a leader of avant-garde surrealism in his youth and a dominant international movie director half a century later". • His first picture—made in the silent era—was called "the most famous short film ever made" by critic Roger Ebert, and his last film—made 48 years later—won him Best Director awards from the National Board of Review and the National Society of Film Critics.

6. Le-Prince (1888) • He shot the first moving pictures on paper film using a single lens camera. And since 1930 has been known as ‘the father of cinematography’ Le Prince filmed the sequences “Roundhay Garden scene” and a leeds bridge street scene using his camera. This was years before any of his rival inventors managed to do this.

7. Le Voyage dans la lune • Meaning “Trip to the moon” was origionally released in england in 1902 is a French silent film directed by Georges Melies. The moment where the spaceship lands in the Moon's eye remains one of the most iconic images in the history of cinema. It was named one of the 100 greatest films of the 20th century by The Village Voice, ranking at #84, and in 2002 it became the first work designated as a UNESCO World Heritage film.

8. Edwin Porter • Edwin Stanton Porter (April 21, 1870 – April 30, 1941) was an American early film pioneer, most famous as a director with Thomas Edison's company. Over 250 films were created by Porter, the most important include ‘Life of an American Fireman’ (1903) and ‘The Great Train Robbery’ (1903).

9. Charlie Chaplin • In popular opinion he is the greatest silent movie star of all time. Chaplin was the first real celebrity to come from the media world. His most famous character ‘The tramp’ is universally recognisable and his films such as The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator are often ranked among the greatest of all time.

10. French new wave • Although never a formally organized movement, the New Wave filmmakers were linked by their self-conscious rejection of the literary period pieces being made in France and written by novelists. • Major figures included André Bazin, Jean-Luc Godard, François Truffaut, Éric Rohmer, Claude Chabrol, Jacques Rivette, AgnèsVarda, Jacques Demy. • Discontinuing editing and long takes are common, aswell as usually using portable equipment requiring little set up time. Creating a documentary-esque style in many cases.

11. Francois Truffaut • Was an influential French film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, and film critic, as well as one of the founders of the French New Wave.In a film career lasting over 25 years, he remains an icon of the French film industry, having worked on over 25 films. Truffaut's film ‘The 400 Blows’ is a defining film of the New Wave genre.

12. Ridley Scott • Sir Ridley Scott (born 30 November 1937) is an English film director and producer. Following his breakthrough with Alien (1979), his best-known works are sci-fi classic Blade Runner (1982), Thelma & Louise (1991), best picture Oscar-winner Gladiator (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), Matchstick Men (2003), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), American Gangster (2007), Robin Hood (2010) and Prometheus (2012). • Scott is known for his atmospheric, highly concentrated visual style, which has influenced many directors. Though his films range widely in setting and period.

13. Tim Burton • Is an American film director, film producer, writer, poet, artist and animator. He is famous for his dark, gothic and quirky take on horror and fantasy style movies such as Beetlejuice, Edward Scissorhands, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Sleepy Hollow and Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. • And for blockbusters such as Pee-wee's Big Adventure, Batman, Batman Returns, Planet of the Apes, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Alice in Wonderland. • Burton has directed 16 films and produced 12 as of 2012.

14. Christopher Nolan Since his debut in 1998, Nolan has directed eight features, ranging from low budget independent films to large-scale, major studio-supported blockbusters. In total, they have grossed approximately $3.5 billion worldwide. Nolan has been described as one of the most innovative storytellers and image makers at work in movies today.

15. Ashvin Kumar • Director of “little terrorist” (2004) which is one of the most successful short films ever. Having been oscar nominated and been the official selection for over 130 film festivals. • He has also directed and produced a wide range of other films, including the documentaries Inshallah, Kashmir (2012), Football (2010); aswell as feature-length ecological thriller The Forest (2012)

16. Youtube • Has been a google subsidiary since 2006, was set up in 2005 by three former paypal employees • The site is based on the idea that users can upload, view and share videos. including movie clips, TV clips, and music videos, as well as amateur content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.

17. Sundance Film Festival • Is the biggest short film festival in america, takes place annuallyinutah, the categories of film are feature length, short films, and some out of competition categories such as NEXT, New frontier, Spotlight, and Park City at midnight.