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Health: 14 th -19 th Century European History

Health: 14 th -19 th Century European History. By Kassi , Clare, Kendall. Unit I : The Late Middle Ages, The Renaissance, The Reformation. Chapters 11, 12, 13. The Little Ice Age. Drop in overall temperatures Shortened growing seasons 1315-1317 heavy rains destroyed harvests

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Health: 14 th -19 th Century European History

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  1. Health: 14th-19th Century European History By Kassi, Clare, Kendall

  2. Unit I: The Late Middle Ages, The Renaissance, The Reformation Chapters 11, 12, 13

  3. The Little Ice Age • Drop in overall temperatures • Shortened growing seasons • 1315-1317 heavy rains destroyed harvests • Caused extreme hunger and starvation • Killed 10% of European population in first half of 14th century • Malnutrition • Disease • Infant mortalitity

  4. The Black Death • mid 14th century • Originated in Asia • Spread by rats and fleas • Symptoms: high fever, aching joints, swelling of lymph nodes, internal bleeding • Killed 50-60% of victims • 20-50% of total European population killed • Reactions by population • Indulgent living • Flagellants • Revolts • Look in to medical knowledge • Health/sanitation laws made

  5. New Directions in Medicine • Hippocrates • Galen: 4 humors • Phlegm • Yellow bile • Black bile • blood • Physicians had little or no practice • Rise of surgeons • Anatomy • Medical textbooks made • 14th century: 6 medical schools • Paris most prestigious

  6. Unit II: Exploration, Conquest, State Building Chapters 14, 15

  7. Conquest • Aztecs and Incas • No immunity to European germs • Measles, small pox

  8. Unit III: The Scientific Revolution, The Enlightenment Chapters 16, 17

  9. Advancements in Medicine • Galen • Incorrect anatomy based on animals • Treatment based on imbalance of humors • Belief in two separate body systems • Muscular and digestive • Paracelsus • Macrocosmic-Microcosm philosophy • Disease caused by chemical imbalances • Treated by chemical remedies • Vesalius • Anatomy of humans • Corrected Galen’s theory of blood from liver • Harvey • Blood from heart • blood makes a complete circuit • One body system • Modern foundation of physiology

  10. World of Medicine • Hospitals = bad sanitary conditions • Hierarchy of practitioners • Physicians, surgeons, apothecaries, midwifes, faith healers

  11. Popular Culture • Alcohol • Gin, vodka • Poor would drink selves into oblivion

  12. Unit IV: European States: War, Social Change, and Revolution Chapters 18, 19

  13. Growth of European Population • Decline in death rate • Plentiful food • Better transportation of food supply • Improved diets • Introduction of new crops • Potatoes • Corn • More nutritious food supply • End of Plague • Typhus, small pox, influenza, dysentery • Poor hygienic conditions

  14. Birth Control • Coitus interruptus • End of 18th century: used to limit number of children

  15. An Agricultural Revolution • Increases in food production • More farm land • Healthier livestock • Increase in meat in European diet • Improved climate • JethroTull • Use of hoe • Seed drill

  16. Peasant Diet • Dark bread = staple • Water, wine, beer • Potatoes, corn • More susceptible to disease when harvests were bad

  17. Unit V: Industrial Revolution and Reform Chapter 20, 21

  18. Population Growth • 140 million: 1750 • 266 million: 1850 • Drop in number of deaths from famines • Plague and small pox numbers declined • Better food supply • More resistant to disease

  19. The Great Hunger • The Potato Famine • Ireland • Struck by fungus • Turned potatoes black • Decimated Irish population • Over a million died of starvation and disease • Almost 2 million emigrated to the United States

  20. Urban Living Conditions in the Early Industrial Revolution • Dramatic growth of cities • Miserable living conditions • 1 toilet for 20 families • Manchester, England: 1842 • Average life span = 17 years • Countryside, England: 1842 • Average life span = 38-40 years • Cholera • Edward Chadwick • Reported on conditions of laboring population • Public Health Act 1848 • Attempted to clean unsanitary conditions

  21. Factory Conditions during the Industrial Revolution • Awful • 12-16 hour work days • 6 day weeks • Little breaks for food • malnutrition • Dangerous cave-ins, explosions, gas fumes in mines • Cramped conditions • Deformed bodies • Dampness • Ruined lungs

  22. Factory Reforms • Improved conditions slightly • Longer breaks • Shorter work days • Women and children couldn’t work in coal mines

  23. Bibliography • Western Civilization • Spielvogel • AP Euro Website • Gnass • Google Images

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