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Causes of The American Revolution. Conflict in the Colonies. The French and Indian War was over and the English were victorious. The war had been very costly. A permanent army was needed in the colonies. Parliament passed the Sugar Act. The Sugar Act.
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Conflict in the Colonies • The French and Indian War was over and the English were victorious. • The war had been very costly. • A permanent army was needed in the colonies. • Parliament passed the Sugar Act.
The Sugar Act • This was the first tax to raise $$$$ in the colonies. • The Sugar Act was a tax on molasses and sugar imported by the colonists. • Smuggling was prevented by the British navy. • Those arrested for smuggling were not given a fair trial.
“No Taxation Without Representation” • The colonies had no voice in the British Parliament. • The colonies were not asked about taxation. • James Otis and Samuel Adams became spokesmen for the Bostonians against Parliament. • Adams helped found the Committees of Correspondence.
What is a Boycott? • A boycott is a refusal to buy a certain product. • The colonists used a boycott to convince Parliament to repeal (end) the tax on sugar. • The boycott was unsuccessful.
The Stamp Act of 1765 • The Stamp Act was a new way to tax the colonists. • Everyone had to pay for a special stamp on all paper products-newspapers, licenses, etc. • Refusal to pay the tax would result in fines or arrest. • The Sons of Liberty was formed.
The Sons of Liberty • Sam Adams was a founder. • Violence was a tool of this protest group. • The Sons of Liberty gave the colonists a voice and another way to protest the actions of Parliament.
The Declaratory Act • Parliament was upset that the colonists challenged its authority. • Parliament issued the Declaratory Act. • This act stated that Parliament had power to make any laws that it felt necessary in any situation.
The Townshend Acts • Parliament had finally repealed the Stamp Act in 1766. • In 1767, it passed the Townshend Acts. • This act placed a tax on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. • Tax collectors used “writs of assistance” to search for smuggled goods. • A new form of protest included “tarring and feathering”.
Boston Massacre • The Sons of Liberty continued with their protests in Boston. • British soldiers arrived in 1768. • March 5, 1770, a soldier standing guard had an argument with a colonist. Snowballs were thrown at the soldier. A crowd grew, soldiers came to his rescue, and a shot was fired into the mob. Five colonists were killed. • The story was spread over all the colonies.
Boston Tea Party • Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts. • The tax on tea remained. • Tea smuggling increased. • The Tea Act of 1773 was passed. • Only the British East India Co. could sell tea, which angered local merchants. • 340 crates of BEI tea were dumped into Boston Harbor by colonists on Dec. 16, 1773
The Intolerable Acts • The Intolerable Acts, 1774, were called the Coercive Acts by Parliament and the Intolerable Acts by the Colonists. • They were passed to punish Boston.
Boston harbor was closed until the tea was paid for. • The legislature could not meet without permission from the governor. • British officials charged with crimes were tried in England. • The Quartering Act was passed. • The Quebec Act was passed.
