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The Employer Universe: The Business Register and the Longitudinal Business Database

The Employer Universe: The Business Register and the Longitudinal Business Database. Javier Miranda, U.S. Census Bureau Census Research Data Center Network. Overview. Employer universe business data at the US Census Bureau Research Public use versions.

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The Employer Universe: The Business Register and the Longitudinal Business Database

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  1. The Employer Universe: The Business Register and the Longitudinal Business Database Javier Miranda, U.S. Census Bureau Census Research Data Center Network

  2. Overview • Employer universe business data at the US Census Bureau • Research • Public use versions

  3. The Business Register: The Census Bureau’s Business Master List • Universe coverage of employers in the U.S. with IRS filings • Transaction list of administrative records (income, payroll) • Enhanced with Census Collections to provide detail • Origin and Use • Enumeration list for census and frame for surveys • Central storage of admin data for statistical products • Source data for Census products (CBP, LBD, BDS, BITS…) • Structure: • Annual snapshots back to 1974, Single/Multi unit files • Statistical Units: • EIN (the admin unit), Establishments and firms

  4. The Business Register: The Census Bureau Business Master List • Data in the BR • Industry, Geography, Employment, Payroll, LFO, Sales, Name and Address… • Data often require substantial value added to be utilized for research. • Solution: The LBD

  5. Longitudinal Business Database (LBD) • Longitudinal Universe Database of US Employer Business Establishments • UsesCensus Business Register longitudinal linkages of both firms and establishments • Census uniquely tracks firms and establishments through Company Organization Survey and Economic Censuses (and other surveys) • All employers in the U.S. • Complete sectoral coverage • Detailed geography and industry • Basic backbone to which all other Census business data can be linked • Long time series 1976-2008 • Firm and establishment characteristics • Including size and age. Age is critical to understanding dynamics and entrepreneurship.

  6. LBD: Large vs Small vs Young Small (1-500) Large (500+) Important to put job creation and destruction in context…

  7. LBD: Life cycle dynamics of businesses and who creates jobs “Up or Out” Dynamics of Young Business

  8. LBD: Life cycle dynamics of businesses and who destroys jobs Out Component

  9. Census Data: Productivity Growth Exits: Young & Mature Young Survivors “Up or Out” dynamics play critical roles….

  10. LBD: The effect of business cycle dynamics and credit conditions on firms and job creation Forms of financing differ for small and large firms… Firm Size Effects: Large firms are more sensitive to cycle…

  11. Private equity Large growth of private equity since 1980’s Net loss of jobs but consistent with restructuring and creative destruction

  12. LBD: Entrepreneurial activity over time and across states Entrepreneurial activity differs across states…

  13. Available Data Confidential Microdata only through the RDCs

  14. LBD: Public Use Products • Business Dynamics Statistics • Basic data by firm size and age across sectors, states and time. Expansions to detailed ind and geography. • Data visualizations available • http://www.ces.census.gov/index.php/bds/bds_home • Synthetic LBD (ver. 1) – public use microdata • To be deployed this coming year via the Cornell Virtual RDC (http://www.vrdc.cornell.edu/news/data/lbd-synthetic-data/) • Sister program: ILBD

  15. Summary Very rich data by itself and when linked to other products A NAS study “Understanding Business Dynamics” discusses the importance of these data for accurate and timely measurement of critical economic and social concepts Lots of research opportunities…

  16. More information about LBD and BDS can be found at Center for Economic Studies http://www.ces.census.gov You can email me at Javier.miranda@census.gov

  17. An Overview of Data from the Economic Directorate Shawn D. Klimek U.S. Census Bureau

  18. The Business Register • The primary frame for establishment and firm level surveys • Identifying Business Units • Employer Identification Number (EIN) • Survey Unit Identifier (SURVUID, CFN) • Firm Identifier (ALPHA, FIRMID) • Social Security Number (SSN, PIK)

  19. Hierarchy of BR Identifiers

  20. Structure of Identifiers • Census File Numbers (CFN, pre-2001) • Single Units (0+EIN) • Multi-units (ALPHA+PLANT #, e.g. 1234560001) • Survey Unit ID (2002 and later) • 2XXXXXXXXX (Survey Unit) • 8XXXXXXXXX (Alternate Reporting Unit) • Firm ID • SU (0+EIN) • MU (ALPHA+0000)

  21. Business Register Data Sources • NAICS Industry Codes • Economic Census and Surveys • Bureau of Labor Statistics • Internal Revenue Service • Social Security Administration

  22. Business Register Data Sources • Firm Ownership & Control • Annual Survey of Manufactures (~50,000 estabs) • Company Organization Survey • Annual • Firms >250 employees (40,000 firms) • List of establishments, basic frame information • Economic Census • Every 5 years • All MU establishments (~1.6 million) • Sample of SU firms (~2.9 million) • Long/short forms (1.9 million) • Classification forms (1 million)

  23. Business Register Data Sources • Geography • Address • Census Physical Address • Company Organization Survey • Economic Census • Other surveys • IRS Mailing Address • BLS Mailing Address

  24. 2007 Economic Census • Mailed 4.5 out of 7 million establishments • All MU establishments • Sample of SU establishments • 86% response rate overall • Roughly 600 forms designed • Roughly 1200 NAICS industries

  25. “Division” of Labor • Manufacturing Construction Division (MCD) • Manufacturing • Mining • Construction • Service Sector Statistics Division (SSSD) • Retail • Wholesale • Services • Communications, Utilities & Transportation

  26. 2007 Economic Census Timeline • Collection Activities • October 2007 to October 2008 • Publications • Advance Report – early 2009 • Industry Series – December 2009 • Geographic Areas Series – December 2010 • Miscellaneous Subject Series – June 2011

  27. The most detailed snapshot of the economy • 20,000+ items collected • Basic Data Items – e.g. Payroll, Employment, Revenue • Industry • Six-digit NAICS (~1,100) • Geography • State & County (~3,100) • MSAs (~900) • Census Places (~5,000 out of 18,000) • Products & Revenue Lines • Special Inquiries

  28. 2012 Economic Census Changes • Proposed expansion of geography – publishing as many Census Places as feasible • North American Product Classification System – changes to manufacturing, retail, and wholesale product detail. • NAICS 2012 – significant reduction in the number of manufacturing industries (~260 down from ~470) • Manufacturing “type of operations” may be coming • Integrated Manufacturer • Contract Manufacturer • Factoryless Goods Producers

  29. 2012 Enterprise Statistics Program • Intellectual Property Revenue • All Multi-unit firms • Sample of Single-unit firms (100,000) • Different types of revenue • Royalties • Licensing Fees • Franchising • Manufacturing Activities • Outsourcing • Offshoring

  30. Business Sample Revision (BSR) • Derived from the Business Register • Frame for Services Sector Statistics Division (SSSD) • Services: Quarterly & Annual, Expenses • Retail: Monthly & Annual, Expenses • Wholesale: Monthly & Annual, Expenses • Sampling Units • Firm Level, Industry Units • EIN Level, Industry Units

  31. Complications – e.g. productivity • Outside of manufacturing we collect input data in a number of programs • Capital • Annual Capital Expenditures Survey (ACES) • Firm Level • Employment & Payroll • Business Register, Census, Annuals • Other inputs (e.g. inventories, benefits) • Annuals • BSR Units • Relatively few projects request these data, but replacement of the Assets and Expenditures Survey (1992) and Business Expenses Survey (BES) with the Annuals means demand should be increasing.

  32. Concluding Remarks • Core Programs for research • Business Register • Economic Census • Annual Survey of Manufacturers • Many other programs… • Company Organization Survey • Indicators (M3, Retail, Wholesale)

  33. Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) ProgramA Dynamic Data Source for the 21st Century Erika McEntarfer LEHD Economic Research Group Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau Disclaimer: All data examples are fictional and do not reflect any individual or firm data. Any opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau.

  34. What is LEHD? • At its core, LEHD is a National Longitudinal Job Frame • Based on UI-Wage and other administrative data sources • Primary Products • Public use products: QWI, OnTheMap • Rich micro data for research in the RDCs

  35. Where does LEHD fit within the Census Bureau’s data infrastructure? • The Census Bureau maintains national frames of household and business establishments • Household Frame: Master Address File • Decennial Census, ACS, CPS, SIPP, etc. • Establishment Frame: Business Register • Economics Census, Monthly and Annual Surveys, Longitudinal Business Database, County Business Patterns, etc

  36. LEHD is a national jobs frame • Jobs are the unit of analysis in LEHD data • Jobs are an employer – employee pair for a given time period • Integrate with • Person and Household Data via “employee” information • Establishment and Firm data via “employer” information • Integration permits: • Improved Public Use Products • Richer Microdata for Research (via the Research Data Centers)

  37. The Concept – Data Integration • Leverage existing data • Create new data and products • Make valid detailed data available while protect confidentiality • Cost-effective • No respondent burden Longitudinal National Frame of Jobs New data and products

  38. Local Employment Dynamics • A voluntary partnership between the states and the U.S. Census Bureau • States supply quarterly worker (UI wage) and business (QCEW) records • Census Bureau merges the state records with other data to produce new data and products about jobs, workers, industries and your local economy

  39. LEHD microdata available for research in the RDCs Changes jobs in Q3 • Employment History File (EHF) Universe is jobs covered by State UI Unit of observation is a job

  40. LEHD microdata available for research in the RDCs Universe is employers reporting QCEW data • Employer Characteristics File (ECF) Unit of observation is a State UI taxpayer ID

  41. LEHD microdata available for research in the RDCs Demographic information from Census surveys and SSA administrative data. • Individual Characteristics File (ICF) Unit of observation is a Person ID (PIK)

  42. Linking the data for analysis Geo-coded Address List: Person and Firm address data EHF ICF ECF U2W: imputes PIK -> SEINUNIT

  43. LEHD microdata available for research in the RDCs • Employment History Files • PIK-level file, wage and employment history • Employer Characteristics Files • SEIN-level file, information on employers • Individual Characteristics File • Worker characteristics • Geo-coded Address List • SEIN and PIK addresses • Unit-to-Worker Imputation File • Impute from SEIN to establishment • Business Register Bridge

  44. Questions for Research: ExampleBusiness Formation and Innovation • Business formation is critical for job and productivity growth • New firms are often small, sole proprietors and an important fraction start as micro-enterprises (non-employer firms) • By integrating LEHD microdata with business microdata data researchers can track business startups. • Where did the entrepreneur come from? • What type of firm was entrepreneur working at? • Are some business types and locations especially effective incubators of new firms? • What kinds of jobs do start-ups create? • What kind of job paths are there at successful startups? • Do workers at startups come from the community or are the workers migrants?

  45. Questions for Research: ExampleDisplaced worker outcomes • What happens to the workers at establishments that have mass layoff events? • LEHD data allow researchers to follow these workers to their subsequent jobs • Can examine their wage outcomes and the characteristics of the businesses that reemploy them. • Tracking employment outcomes for workers who are displaced • How long does it take to become re-employed? • What types of jobs are they hired into (location, industry)? • What are the earnings outcomes?

  46. Summary: Research using LEHD data in RDCs • LEHD microdata offer many unique advantages for economic research: • Longitudinal linked employer-employee data • Follow employment histories of workers • Can identify nascent firms and follow them over time • Can identify co-workers • Ability to link at the micro (individual, household, establishment, firm) level records from different census, survey and administrative programs, as well as researcher provided data. • Dramatically increases the analytical power of the data.

  47. Newly Discovered Microdata onU.S. Manufacturing Plants from the 1950s and 1960sRandy A. Becker and Cheryl A. GrimCenter for Economic StudiesU.S. Bureau of the CensusJanuary 2011

  48. Disclaimer • The opinions and conclusions expressed here today are our own and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed.

  49. Unisys Clearpath IX 4400

  50. UNIVAC I and UNIVAC 1105

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