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Emotion emotion\168_Emotion_2.mp4

Emotion emotion168_Emotion_2.mp4. Theories of Emotion: The body’s adaptive response. Theories of emotions.

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Emotion emotion\168_Emotion_2.mp4

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  1. Emotionemotion\168_Emotion_2.mp4

  2. Theories of Emotion: The body’s adaptive response

  3. Theories of emotions • Emotiona response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, & (3) conscious experience. Psychology 101 - Motivation and Emotion Part (1_9) - Introduction to Emotions.flv • Physiological arousal • Expressive behavior • Conscious experience • Common sense theory

  4. Theories of emotions • James-Lange theorythe theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. The James-Lange Theory of Emotion.mp4

  5. Theories of emotions • James-Lange theory

  6. Theories of emotions • James-Lange theory

  7. Theories of emotions • Cannon-Bard theorythe theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses & (2) the subjective experience of emotion. The Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion.mp4

  8. Theories of emotions • Cannon-Bard theory

  9. Theories of emotions • Two-factor theorythe Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused & (2) cognitively label the arousal. The Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion.mp4

  10. Theories of emotions • Two-factor theory • Schachter-Singer

  11. Theories of emotions • Two-factor theory • Schachter-Singer

  12. Theories of emotions Psychology 101 - Motivation and Emotion Part (3_9) - Theories of Emotion.flv

  13. We know that emotions involve bodily responses. Some of these responses are very noticeable (butterflies in our stomach when fear arises), but others are more difficult to discern (neurons activated in the brain). Embodied Emotion

  14. Emotions & the Autonomic Nervous System • Autonomic nervous system • Sympathetic nervous system • arousing • Parasympathetic nervous system • Calming • Moderate arousal is ideal • The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems - Free Intro to Biology Video

  15. Emotions & the Autonomic Nervous System

  16. Emotions & the Autonomic Nervous System

  17. Emotions & the Autonomic Nervous System

  18. Arousal and Performance Arousal in short spurts is adaptive. We perform better under moderate arousal, but optimal performance varies with task difficulty. Arousal and Performance.flv

  19. Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions • Different movie experiment

  20. Physiological Similarities Physiological responses related to the emotions of fear, anger, love, & boredom are very similar. M. Grecco/ Stock Boston Excitement and fear involve a similar physiological arousal.

  21. Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions • Differences in facial muscles • Differences in brain activity. different emotions activate different areas of the brain. Negative emotions show more brain activity. Depressed or neg. people show more right frontal lobe brain activity area. Pos. moods, activate the left frontal lobe. • Amygdala-associated with fear & fight or flight; by- passes cortex allowing =super fast emotional responses • Frontal lobes-Nucleus accumbens – clusters of neurons that increase dopamine levels btwn the frontal lobes to these clusters • Polygraph

  22. Physiological Differences Physical responses, like finger temperature & movement of facial muscles, change during fear, rage, & joy. The amygdala shows differences in activation during the emotions of anger & rage. Activity of the left hemisphere (happy) is different from the right (depressed) for emotions.

  23. Cognition & EmotionCognition Can Define Emotion • Spill over effect – physical reactions & cognition (to things around us) impact how we feel • Schachter-Singer experiment (2 factor Theory) arousal + label = emotion • Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it emotion\167_Emotion_1.mp4

  24. Two Routes to Emotion Zajonc and LeDoux emphasize that some emotions are immediate, without conscious appraisal. Lazarus, Schachter, and Singer emphasize that appraisal also determines emotions.

  25. Cognition & EmotionCognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion • Influence of the amygdala Amygdala hijacking - Don't let it happen to you..flv

  26. Expressed EmotionPsychology 101 - Motivation and Emotion Part (2_9) - Categorizing Emotions.mp4 Emotions are expressed on the face, by the body, & by the intonation of voice. Is this nonverbal language of emotion universal? Most people can detect NON Verbal cues. Especially Non Verbal Threats. We read fear & anger mostly from the eyes. Happiness mostly from the mouth. Introverts are better emotion-detectors than extravert, but extraverts are easier to read

  27. Detecting Emotion Most of us are good at deciphering emotions through nonverbal communication. In a crowd of faces a single angry face will “pop out” faster than a single happy face.

  28. Detecting Emotion Hard-to-control facial muscles reveal signs of emotions you may be trying to conceal. emotion\172_Emotions_and_Expressions.mp A feigned smile may continue for more than 4-5 seconds while a genuine smile will have faded by then. emotion\173_Nonverbal_Communication.mp4 Dr. Paul Elkman, University of California at San Francisco Which of Paul Ekman’s smiles is genuine?

  29. Gender, Emotion, & Nonverbal Behavior

  30. Gender, Emotion, &Nonverbal Behavior • W- generally better @reading emotions (emotional Literacy) • verbalize more complex emotions • React more deeply & remember better after • More likely to describe themselves as empathetic • Convey happiness better • M-convey anger better

  31. Culture & Emotional Expression emotion\171_Ekman.mp4 Happiness – MOUTH Surprise widens eyes Fear pulled together raise eyebrow Sadness turned up brow Anger turned in brow Disgust wrinkled nose Some gestures are cultural. Children’s facial expressions are universal Facial Expressions are common across the world Cultural similarities in displaying “rules” Cultures differ in how much they express emotions

  32. Emotions are Adaptive Darwin speculated that our ancestors communicated with facial expressions in the absence of language. Nonverbal facial expressions led to our ancestor’s survival. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

  33. Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion

  34. The Effects of Facial Expressions • Facial feedbackthe effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.

  35. Experienced Emotion Izard (1977) isolated 10 emotions. Most of them are present in infancy, except for contempt, shame, and guilt.

  36. Fear • Adaptive value of fear • The biology of fear • amygdala

  37. Anger • Evoked by events • friends & loved ones who commit wrongdoings, especially if they are willful, unjustified, & avoidable. • foul odors, high temperatures, traffic jams, & aches & pains. • Catharsis -emotional release. Catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action/fantasy) relieves aggressive urges • Expressing anger can increase anger

  38. Happiness emotion\174_Happiness_Trait.mp4 • Feel-good, do-good phenomenon people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. • Well-being self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical & economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.

  39. HappinessThe Short Life of Emotional Ups & Downs • Watson’s studies

  40. HappinessWealth & Well-Being

  41. HappinessWealth & Well-Being

  42. HappinessTwo Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation & Comparison • Happiness & Prior Experience • Adaptation-level phenomenonour tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience. • Happiness & others’ attainments • Relative deprivationthe perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.

  43. Stress and Illness • Stress • Stress appraisal

  44. Stress and IllnessThe Stress Response System • Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) • Alarm • Resistance • exhaustion

  45. Stress and IllnessGeneral Adaptation Syndrome

  46. Stress and IllnessGeneral Adaptation Syndrome

  47. Stress and IllnessGeneral Adaptation Syndrome

  48. Stress and IllnessGeneral Adaptation Syndrome

  49. Stress and IllnessStressful Life Events • Catastrophes • Significant life changes • Daily hassles

  50. Stress and the Heart • Coronary heart disease • Type A versus Type B • Type A • Type B

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