First Aid Unit

1. First Aid Unit 6th Grade

2. Temperature Related Emergencies • Burns • Heat Cramps • Heat exhaustion • Heat Stroke • Hypothermia • Frostbite

3. Burns • 1st degree: least harmful • Caused by hot water; objects • Signs: outer layer turns red • First Aid: cold water for 10-15 minutes

4. Burns • 2nd degree: more serious • Caused by sunburns or scalding • Signs: burned area blisters • First aid: cold water; wrap loosely; do not pop blisters!

5. Burns • 3rd degree burn: very serious • Caused by fire, electricity, chemicals • Signs: deeper layers burned, nerve endings damaged • First Aid: cover burned area; elevate feet and arms; sip fluids; do not apply cold water or ice

6. Heat Cramps • Muscle spasms due to excessive fluid loss • Caused by activity during hot weather • Signs: sharp pains, contractions, muscle may feel hard • First Aid: Rest; light massage; fluids

7. Heat Exhaustion • Extreme tiredness from body temperature being off • Caused by excessive physical activity at high temperatures • Signs: dizzy, pale, cool, dry skin, body temperature normal or above • First Aid: move to cool dry place; lay down; cool liquids; cool body with wet sponge

8. Heat Stroke • Sudden illness brought by exposure to high temperature • Caused by inability to sweat making one overheat • Signs: skin is hot, red and dry; weak with headache • First Aid: move to shade; sponge skin; hospital immediately

9. Hypothermia • Low body temperature • Caused by excessive exposure to cold, wet, wind for extended period at 50 degrees or less • Signs: feel chilled and disoriented or weak • First Aid: move indoors; replace clothing with warm clean and dry clothing; warm fluids to drink

10. Frostbite • Freezing parts of the body; extremities • Caused by overexposure to very cold temperatures • Signs: tingling sensation, pain, numb, white cold spot may appear • First Aid: place body part in warm water for 20 minutes; keep dry after warm water; seek medical attention

11. Child Abuse • Physical Abuse • Emotional Abuse • Sexual Abuse • Neglect

12. Child Abuse • Abuse: the physical, emotional, or mental mistreatment of another person • Abuser: person carrying out the abuse • Victim: the person against whom a crime is committed • One must be under the age of 18 for it to be considered child abuse

13. Physical Abuse • Results in injury to the body • Burns, bruises, broken bones • Death can occur in severe cases • Battery- beating, hitting, kicking • Shaken Baby Syndrome- a severe form of head injury caused by violently shaking an infant or child. • Such shaking usually takes place when the infant is crying inconsolably and the frustrated caregiver loses control. The violent shaking may result in severe injuries to the infant, permanent brain damage, or death.

14. Emotional Abuse • Words or gestures to mistreat another • Love and affection are withheld from a child • Threats, constant teasing, criticism • Self esteem

15. Sexual Abuse • When sexual contact is forced upon a victim • The abuser is often known • Incest: occurs between family members • Never the victim’s fault

16. Neglect • Failure to meet the basic physical and emotional needs of a person • Proper food, clothing, housing • Love and encouragement

17. Causes of Abuse • Abused as a child • Alcohol/ drug use • Unemployment/ poverty • Illness • Divorce or family problems • Low self esteem • Lack of parenting skills • Inability to deal with anger • Lack of communication skills • Immaturity (emotionally)

18. Signs of Abuse • Frequent absences • Poor grades • Dirty/ neglected • Extreme shyness • Aggressive behavior • Poor communication

19. Where to go for help • Another adult • Teachers • Counselors • Coaches • Police • Friends • Family members