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Diversity of Living Things

Diversity of Living Things. 3.3 The Animals. Characteristics. Characteristics of animals different from plants and fungi - Eukaryotes - Motile - Heterotrophic - Cells have no cell walls. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/phyla.html.

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Diversity of Living Things

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  1. Diversity of Living Things 3.3 The Animals

  2. Characteristics • Characteristics of animals different from plants and fungi - Eukaryotes - Motile - Heterotrophic - Cells have no cell walls http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/phyla.html http://www.biobus.gsu.edu/1animal/animalmod.html

  3. Importance of animals • the more we understand about it, the more we understand ourselves (i.e. treatment of human diseases) • food source, consumer products, pollination of food crops, maintaining balance of ecosystems • we shouldn’t just appreciate animals for what they can give to us. The diversity of animals is what makes our planet so amazing!

  4. Phylogeny • Common ancestor of all animals thought to be colonial, flagellated protist living 700 mya http://sr2.k12.mo.us/rhoover/biology%20lectures/Kingdom%20Animalia.htm

  5. Phylogeny • All modern-day animals have nerves except for phylum Porifera https://runkle-science.wikispaces.com/ALS

  6. Classification • The animal kingdom is diverse, and a number of broad characteristics are used for classification of animals

  7. 1. Body Symmetry • Radial and bilateral • Radial =body arranged around a central axis • bilateral =left and right side of body are mirror images of each other • Related to lifestyle and brain development http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Documents/Animals_2/Symmetry.htm

  8. 2. Number/ Origin of Openings • One or two openings • Bilateral: Protostomes (mouth forms before the anus) and Deuterostomes (anus forms before the mouth)

  9. 3. Number of germ layers • Have between 1-3 germ layers which are ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

  10. 4. Presence or absence of coelom • Also classified based on possession of coelom (body cavity containing internal organs) • Evolutionary development probably related to increase in animal size http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/animaldiversity.htm

  11. Animal kingdom • Divided into major categories - Invertebrates - no backbone - 95 % of kingdom (more than 30 phyla) - Vertebrates - have a backbone (for at least part of their lives) - 5 % of kingdom (1 phylum: Chordata)

  12. The simplest invertebrates • Found in phyla Porifera and Cnidaria http://www.biology4kids.com/misc/cnidaria.html http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecPorifera/Porif.html

  13. Porifera • Include 8000 species of sponges • Have simple body with flagellated cells called choanocytes responsible for capturing food • Most are hermaphrodites • Most are marine, some live in freshwater • Ecological roles : food and shelter http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/schaffer/182/Sponge.htm

  14. Cnidaria • Includes 9000 species • Radial symmetry • Simplest animals to have nerve, muscle, digestive and reproductive tissues • Coral animals make external skeletons of calcium carbonate which form coral reefs http://www.coral.org/node/3949 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60jof35WuAo&feature=related

  15. The Protostome Invertebrates • most animal species are in this group which contains 6 phyla (See Table 1 on p. 100) • members show diverse range of body plans and life cycles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caribbean_reef_squid.jpg

  16. Human interactions with protostomes • Have positive and negative effects • Competition for food • Destruction of commercially valuable crops • Cause of human diseases • Vectors for human diseases • Food source • Pollination of food crops by insects

  17. The Deuterostomes • Include two main groups: echinoderms and chordates http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Deuterostomia/Deuterostomia.htm

  18. Echinoderms - Invertebrates • Includes 6500 species • Display same embryonic development as vertebrates • Have digestive and circulatory system, but no respiratory or excretory system • Radial symmetry, no head region http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/16anim5.htm

  19. Vertebrates – Phylum Chordata • Includes fish, amphibians, mammals, reptiles and birds • Most complex living organisms since they have vertebra, paired appendages, endoskeleton, large coelom, complex heart and circulatory system and more highly developed brain and sensory system • Ability to live on land is due to evolution of amniotic egg http://www.feenixx.com/science/life_science_revolution.htm

  20. Success of vertebrates • Have dorsal nerve cord surrounded by spinal cord and cranium which protects brain • Have most advanced organ systems and most complex behaviours • Those that are fish have enlarged brain and vertebrate skeleton to help them be strong swimmers

  21. Success of vertebrates cont’d • land-dwelling vertebrates have limbs, protective outer skin, enhanced lungs and circulatory systems, internal fertilization and eggs with outer shells that allow them to survive on land http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/heredity-evolution/evolution-stages.php

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