Research to Practice in Intelligence Interviewing: A Highlight of Lessons Learned

1. Research to Practice inIntelligence Interviewing: A Highlight of Lessons Learned Sujeeta Bhatt, PhD Research Scientist Susan Brandon, PhD Research Unit Chief Statements of fact, opinion and analysis in the presentation are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government.

2. Brief History www.uboatarchive.net www.amazon.com www.galtmile.com

3. History of the HIG PresidentObama signs Executive Order 13491 creating the Interrogation Policy Task ForceJan. 2009 Task Force Report, Two recommendations Aug. 2009 HIG Charter finalized. 22 April, 2010 • Task Force findings: • Interrogation Techniquesin the AFM, together with those used by federal law enforcement, are an appropriate means to acquire the intelligence necessary to protect the nation. • Create HIG to improve ability to interrogate most dangerous terrorists • HIG Stand-Up: • Initial HIG Charter signed 22 January 2010 • First HIG Deployment, January 2010 • HIG key functions: • Develop, equip and deploy • Mobile Interrogation Teams (MITs) • Create training standards for MITs • Research and implement interrogation technique best practices • Task Force mission: • Determine if the non-military USG agencies require interrogation techniques beyond those contained in the Army Field Manual (AFM). • Evaluatedetainee transfer policy to insure humane treatment of individuals in US custody. Key objectives and outcomes “The mission of the HIG is to deploy the nation’s best available interrogation resources against terrorism detainees identified as having access to information with the greatest potential to prevent terrorist attacks against the United States and its allies.”

4. HIG Research I. Methods of social influence applicable across cultures • Multi-faceted unclassified research program that integrates operations, training, and research • Focal point for interrogation research across U.S.G. • Compliance with international laws and U.S. federal code (45 CFR Part 46) concerning the protection of human subjects Mission To conduct, support, and coordinate research relevant to US interrogation programs, training, and practices using sound scientific principles and knowledge and in a manner that is consistent with domestic law and US obligations under international laws II. Manipulations of physical, informational and social contexts to increase interrogation effectiveness Research Priorities III. Impacts of interpreters on information gathered and on rapport IV. Development of metrics for interrogation outcomes and interrogator effectiveness

5. State of the Research Lab studies + replication Ongoing Limited Unknown Problematic IDEAL “Field” studies STATUS QUO Training Validation Field Observation Practice • Field validation ≠ Field vetting • Field validation is very difficult

6. The Challenge Interrogation Training Manual SWCS@Bragg HTJCOE FLETC

7. Research to Practice: History Core Training & “Experts Use Coaches Model” Two-hour seminar Four-day seminar 12+ RDRs 2011 August 2010 2013 2014 2012 Seven Research Dissemination Reports (RDRs) Four RDRs Four-hour seminar Research to Practice Modules Issues: Deployments Translation to practice Feedback Coaching 1Ongoing effort – will increase over current FY

8. Lessons Learned & Way Forward HIG HYBRID MODEL

9. Setting Up for Success • DoDI 2310.01E: DoD Detainee Program • DoDI 3216.02: Protection of Human Subjects in DoD Supported Research • Title 45 CFR 46, Protection of Human Subjects • All research is unclassified • Adherence to set policies

10. Thank you! Sujeeta.Bhatt@ic.fbi.gov 571-350-7246 UNCLASSIFIED