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Chapter 35 The Republican Revolution

Chapter 35 The Republican Revolution. New Right/Moral Majority. New Right – Provided Reagan’s strongest support Moral Majority – Fundamentalist Christian organization led by Rev. Jerry Falwell Shared many of same political goals For – school prayer, strong defense, free economy

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Chapter 35 The Republican Revolution

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  1. Chapter 35 The Republican Revolution

  2. New Right/Moral Majority • New Right – • Provided Reagan’s strongest support • Moral Majority – • Fundamentalist Christian organization led by Rev. Jerry Falwell • Shared many of same political goals • For – school prayer, strong defense, free economy • Against – abortion, gun control

  3. Assassination Attempt • March 30, 1981 • Reagan shot outside Washington Hilton by John Hinckley, Jr. after giving a speech • Just 69 days into term • Hinckley fired six shots in 1.7 seconds • Reagan hurried into limo and taken to George Washington University Hospital • Lost a lot of blood and almost didn’t make it • Hinckley remains in a mental facility

  4. Reaganomics • Supply-side economics/”Reaganomics” • “Trickle-down” theory that lowering top income tax rates would cause economic growth • Supporters – • Said that people would invest their savings in business, creating jobs, more spending and tax revenue • Critics – favored wealthy Americans • Also cut EPA budget and reduced programs for less fortunate but raised defense spending

  5. Reaganomics

  6. Reaganomics • 1982 recession causes rising interest rates and budget deficit • Deregulation – • Government stopped telling businesses where they could operate and how much they could charge • Air Traffic Controllers strike August 1981 • Result – Inflation down to 4% by 1983 • People start spending again, stock market soars

  7. Trouble Abroad • Central America • Sandinistas in Nicaragua and civil war in El Salvador • Middle East – • Lebanon – Civil War between Christians and Muslims started in 1975 • Israel – invaded Lebanon in 1982 to stop PLO • U.S., France, Britain and Italy send troops as peacekeepers

  8. Beirut, Lebanon • April 1983 – 47 killed in bombing at U.S. Embassy • October 23 – Suicide bombing of Marine barracks kills 241 American soldiers • February 1984 – Reagan withdraws soldiers

  9. Beirut, Lebanon

  10. Dover Air Force Base, Dover, DE

  11. Election of 1984 • Democrats – • Walter Mondale wins over (was Carter’s VP) vs. Colorado Sen. Gary Hart and Rev. Jesse Jackson • Hart to Mondale – “Where’s the beef?” • Rep. Geraldine Ferraro of New York nominated for VP • “By choosing an American woman to run for our nation’s second-highest office, you send a powerful signal to all Americans… There are no doors we cannot unlock. We will place no limits on achievement. If we can do this, we can do anything.” • Result – Reagan wins 525-13, top margin

  12. Election of 1984

  13. Supreme Court • Sandra Day O’Connor –named by Reagan in 1981 to become first woman on the Supreme Court • Reagan named three conservative justices to the Court and also moved William Rehnquist up to Chief Justice in 1986

  14. Economics under Reagan • Tax cuts 1985 • Budget deficit reaches $2 trillion in 1986 • Insider trading – • Use of confidential information for personal gain on the Stock Market • Stock market up 230% from August 1982 to August 1987 • Black Monday – October 19, 1987 – • Stock market falls 508 points, some stocks lost 30% of value • S&L crisis (1987-88) – • Many banks went out of business when risky loans to developers went unpaid, many legislators covered

  15. Challenger disaster • Explosion – • Space shuttle Challenger blows up 74 seconds after takeoff at Cape Canaveral on Jan. 28, 1986, all seven astronauts killed • Temperatures below freezing night before launch • Christa McAuliffe – • N.H. Social Studies teacher was supposed to be first civilian in space • Shuttle program on hold for 2 years, ended in 2011

  16. Challenger disaster

  17. Iran-Contra affair • What happened? • U.S. sold arms to Iran through Israel in attempt to gain release of U.S. hostages in Lebanon • Funds were illegally diverted to Contras in Nicaragua • Oliver North – • Marine colonel and White House aide who funneled the money to the Contras • Program was approved by National Security Adviser and CIA director • Reagan cleared of any direct involvement but Congress said he should have known

  18. Ollie North – Iran-Contra

  19. Election of 1988 • Candidates – • Republican V.P. George H.W. Bush vs. Democrat Mass. Gov. Michael Dukakis • Rev. Jesse Jackson – • African American leader ran for nomination in ‘84 and ‘88, came up just short both times • Willie Horton campaign ad, portrays Dukakis as soft on crime • Bush – “Read my lips, no new taxes!” and “a thousand points of light” • Result – Bush wins easily 426-111

  20. Election of 1988

  21. Life in the 80s • Economy • Yuppies – • Young Urban Professionals, took advantage of increased jobs in financial industry • Single-parent families in cities more than doubled • Science and Technology • PC explosion • AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Magic Johnson HIV 1991

  22. War on Drugs • What was it? • Federal program to provide more money to fight drug smuggling and illegal drug use • Panama – December 20, 1989 • Invasion – • Marines invade Panama to arrest dictator and smuggler Manuel Noriega and bring him back to U.S. for trial • Marines blasted rock music to annoy Noriega, who had taken refuge at the Vatican embassy • 1992 – Noriega convicted and sentenced to 40 years • Has since served time in France and Panama

  23. Manuel Noriega -- Panama

  24. Panama!!

  25. Persian Gulf War • August 2, 1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, controls 20% of oil • US sends over 500,000 troops to Saudi Arabia • January 15, 1991 – UN deadline for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait • Operation Desert Storm (1/17/91) – multi-national effort led by U.S. to remove Iraq from Kuwait • Feb. 22, 1991 – Ground war • Feb. 28 – cease-fire • Norman Schwarzkopf – commander of U.S. forces in the Middle East

  26. Clarence Thomas Hearings • 1991 – Thurgood Marshall, first African American on the Supreme Court, retires after 24 years • Clarence Thomas • 43-year-old federal judge named to replace Marshall, served as head of EEOC under Reagan • Polar opposite from Marshall • Anita Hill – accused Thomas of sexual harassment • Result – Thomas confirmed 52-48 in Senate • People become more aware of sexual harassment

  27. Clarence Thomas hearings

  28. Chapter 36 Launching the New Millenium

  29. Rodney King/L.A. Riots • March 3, 1991 – • Motorist Rodney King beaten by four LAPD officers after high-speed chase • April 29, 1992 • Riots break out across L.A. after four white cops found not guilty in King beating • May 1 – “Can we all get along” – King • Total cost – • 53 dead, 4,000 injured, over $1 billion in property damage • Cops were retried in federal court on civil rights charges, two convicted and sent to prison

  30. Rodney King/L.A. Riots http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW1ZDIXiuS4

  31. Election of 1992 • Candidates – President Bush (R) vs. Arkansas Gov. Bill Clinton (D) • Bush – 90% approval rating December 1991 • Reform Party – Texas billionaire oilman H. Ross Perot starts a third party campaign • Perot used his own money to fund his campaign, including 30 and 60-minute infomercials on prime time network TV • Issues – “It’s the economy, stupid.” • Unemployment at 7.8% in June 1992, 8-year high • Result – Clinton wins (43%, 370), Bush (37%, 168), Perot 19% but no electoral votes • First baby boomer President

  32. Early Clinton Administration • Clinton has trouble getting his proposals through Congress • Health care was a major goal going in, but was never passed by Congress • North American Free Trade Agreeement (NAFTA) • Eliminated tariffs and trade barriers with Canada and Mexico • Clinton said it would create jobs and economic growth • Opponents said jobs would be lost to Mexico

  33. Contract with America • What was it? Republican plan before 1994 midterm elections to balance the federal budget and make other reforms • Republicans gain control of both House and Senate for first time since 1952 • Result – Contract stalls out

  34. End of Apartheid/Mandela • Apartheid – official South African policy separating races • Nelson Mandela – leader of an anti-apartheid group who spent almost 30 years in prison • 1994 – After being released in 1990, Mandela elected 1st black president

  35. Terrorism • December 21, 1988 • 270 killed when Pan Am 103 explodes over Scotland • 35 Syracuse students returning from study • Libya responsible • Bomber just died in 2012, was released early in 2009

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