Women Teaching and Exercising Authority

1. Women Teaching and Exercising Authority 1 Timothy 2:11,12 1 Corinthians 14:34,35

2. Women Teaching and Exercising Authority Role of Women Possible Past Cultural View Culture

3. Women Teaching and Exercising Authority Role of Women Role of Women Present Cultural Environment The Child of God Culture Culture

4. Women Teaching and Exercising Authority Tension: The Scriptures and Cultural Evolution Culture

5. Women Teaching and Exercising Authority Living Faith Departure From the Faith Culture Culture Music, Communion, Women’s Role

6. Women Teaching and Exercising Authority A Living Faith That Grows Culture Culture

7. The Three Nominees Are… 1. I do not permit a woman to teach in a domineering manner. 2. I do not permit a woman to teach [error] or to domineer over a man. 3. I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man, that is the authority given to a man. We Understand The Proper Interpretation Is… 1. I do not permit a woman to teach in a domineering manner. 1 Timothy 2:12 is not a hendiadys. 2. I do not permit a woman to teach [error] or to domineer over a man. The context gives no evidence for false teaching or domineering authority. 3. I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man, that is the authority given to a man. Two distinct actions, teaching and exercising authority are not permitted due to the creation order (1 Timothy 2:13).

8. Not A Hendiadys 1. A hendiadys (noun) is a figure of speech in which a single complex idea is expressed by two words connected by a conjunction, as in ‘to pour from cups’ and gold’ instead of ‘from golden cups.’ Hendiadys: a single complex idea expressed by two words connected by a conjunction. 2. If 1 Timothy 2:12 is a hendiadys it would simply be expressing or presenting one single coherent idea. 3. When 1 Timothy 2:12 is considered a hendiadys, it is said that a woman can teach just as long as she does not usurp authority. This usage is improper due to the following: a. We do not have one phrase modifying the other, because ‘nor’ is a coordinating conjunction, not a subordinating conjunction. “Neither the syntactical parallels in the New Testament nor the extrabiblical parallels lend support to the contention that the second term linked by nor (ουδε) modifies the first term adverbially (Kostenberger and Schreiner p. 62).” b. The exercising of authority is not simply speaking of the manner of teaching. c. We have no reason to view ‘teach’ as positive, but ‘to exercise authority’ as negative.

9. Not A Hendiadys 5. We found the following statement of much interest in the Freedman-Hardeman Forum on Gender and Ministry (1990): “The word ουδε – she cannot teach, she cannot exercise authority…now we have the word ουδε “or.” It is not, as many have argued, a hendiadys. It is not that one is to be a modifier of the other. Two separate statements are made…Of the 144 times it occurs in the New Testament, it is never used in the sense of a modifier or making the next statement a modifier (Don McWhorter p. 24).”

10. The Typical Usages The ‘Nor’ Pattern 1. Prohibition or denial of two activities that are both positive but prohibited due to reason given in the context. a. Acts 16:21. Receive – Observe. • Not lawful • Being Romans b. 1 Timothy 2:12. Teach – Exercise Authority (given to man). • Permit not • Adam first formed 2. Prohibition or denial of two activities that are both viewed negatively. a. 1 Timothy 1:3,4. Teach no other doctrine (error) – Heed to fables. b. 1 Timothy 6:17. High-minded – Trust in uncertain riches. 3. When nor joins two activities they are both either positive or negative in nature. When positive activities are prohibited the context must provide the reason for the prohibition. 4. The nor pattern permits only two possible renderings of 1 Timothy 2:12. a. I do not permit a woman to teach [error] or to domineer over a man. b. I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man. 5. We have already seen the context gives no evidence for false teaching or domineering authority. We have already seen that exercising authority does not modify teaching. Therefore, 1 Timothy 2:12 prohibits two distinct actions for the godly woman; teaching or exercising the authority given to a man.

11. Conceptualizing The Subject Is It This? 1 Corinthians 14:33-38 1 Timothy 2:9-15 Is It This? 1 Corinthians 14:33-38 1 Timothy 2:9-15 If It Is Neither Of The Above Then Could It Be? 1 Corinthians 14:33-38 1 Timothy 2:9-15 1 Timothy 2:9-15 1 Corinthians 14:33-38