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Politics of the 1920’s

Politics of the 1920’s. Theme 1: The Republican administrations of the prosperous 1920s pursued conservative, pro-business policies at home and economic unilateralism abroad.

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Politics of the 1920’s

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  1. Politics of the 1920’s Theme 1: The Republican administrations of the prosperous 1920s pursued conservative, pro-business policies at home and economic unilateralism abroad. Theme 2: The great crash of 1929 led to a severe prolonged depression that devastate the American economy and spirit, and resisted Hoover’s limited efforts to correct it.

  2. I. Harding Administration • Election of 1920 • Harding (“return to normalcy” v Cox) • Good Cabinet (Hughes, Mellon, Hoover) • Bad Cabinet (Daugherty-AG, Fall-Interior) • Lobby Groups (“Ohio Gang” and Veterans Bureau) • Dismantle War Economy (Mellon and Hoover) • Deregulation: War Industries Board, RR (Esch-Cummins) a. Adkins v. Children’s Hospital reversed Muller case • No friend to labor (United Mine Workers Strike) • High Tariff (Fordney-McCumber) • Cut Taxes (Bureau of the Budget) • Lacked civil rights leadership • Foreign Policy (Hughes) • Senate resistance to treaties except disarmament and oil • WA Disarm Conference, 1921-22 • 5 Power Treaty-military • 4 Power Treaty-political • 9 Power Treaty-economic • Died in San Francisco, 1923 at Palace Hotel

  3. Legacy of Harding In the PC game Civilization IV, you receive a score at the end of games. One of them is a comparison with one of humanity's leader's, with Harding being the 3rd worst score you can get! In a 1983 poll in which “conservative historians” and “liberal historians” ranked the worst presidents, both groups ranked Harding as worst president.

  4. II. Coolidge Administration • Election 1924 1. Deadlocked Demos v. Silent Cal v. liberal La Follette • Domestic Policy • Continued conservative economic principles a. Deregulation and low taxes • Refused help to Farmer • McNary-Haugen Bill • Senator LaFollette and badly needed liberal tonic • Refused help to Appalachia • Muscle Shoals • Refused help to Immigrants • Supported civil rights and Native American citizenship • Foreign Policy • Kellog-Briand Pact, 1928 • In and out of Latin America • Caribbean and Mexican oil • $10 million IOU paid with Dawes Plan

  5. Legacy of Calvin Coolidge “Silent Cal” It is said that a White House dinner guest once made a bet with her friends that she could get the president to say at least three words during the course of the meal. Upon telling Coolidge of her wager, he replied simply with the words "You lose." "Collecting more taxes than absolutely necessary is legalized robbery.“ --Calvin Coolidge “It looks like he was weaned on a pickle.” -Alice Roosevelt, oldest daughter of TR

  6. Domestic Election 1928 A wet, Catholic, city slicker v. self-made millionaire (“rugged individualism”) “Hoovercrats” and Radio Help the Farmers (AMA) Hawley-Smoot Tariff Black Tuesday, 10/29/29 British raise interest Overspeculation (buying on margin) Overextension of credit Overproduction of farm and factory Unequal distribution of wealth Reaction to the Depression Public Buildings Act ($750 million) RFC ($500 and $300 million) Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act Routing the Bonus Army Vetoed Muscle Shoals-too socialistic Foreign Policy Hoover-Stimson Doctrine after Manchuria Good Neighbor Policy in LA III. Hoover Administration Statements Issued by Hoover about the economic situation from 1929 to 1930 • “Any lack of confidence in the economic • future or the basic strength of business • in the US is foolish.” (November, 1929) • “Let us be thankful we are getting back • on our feet.” (January, 1930) • “The crisis will be over in 60 days!” • (March, 1930) • “The worst is over without a doubt” • (June, 1930) • “We have hit the bottom and are on • the upswing.” (September, 1930)

  7. Legacy of Hoover "Once upon a time my political opponents honored me as possessing the fabulous intellectual and economic power by which I created a worldwide depression all by myself." One day, President Hoover was walking down the street with Andrew Mellon. He suddenly stopped and said, “Andy, I came out this morning without a cent in my pocket. Lend me a nickel, will you? I want to call a friend.” Andrew Mellon replied, “Here’s a dime, call both of them!”

  8. Putting Things In Order(use the information from chapter 32 to answer these questions) 1.Amid economic collapse, Congress raises the tariff barriers to new heights and deepens the depression 2.An American sponsored plan to ease German reparations payments provides a temporary successful approach to the international war-debt tangle. 3. An American sponsored conference surprisingly reduces naval armaments and stabilizes Far Eastern power relations 4.The prosperous economic bubble of the 1920’s suddenly bursts, stetting off a long period of hardship 5.A large number of corrupt dealings and scandals become public knowledge just as the president who presided them is replaced by his honest successor.

  9. Answers to Putting Things In Order A.5 B.2 C.1 D.4 E.3

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