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Why rare targets are slow: Evidence that the target probability effect has an attentional locus

Why rare targets are slow: Evidence that the target probability effect has an attentional locus. Hon, N., & Tan, C. –H. (2013) Attention, Perception, & Psychophys , 75 , 388-393. Take Home Message. The t arget probability effect ( TPe ) has an attentional locus. .

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Why rare targets are slow: Evidence that the target probability effect has an attentional locus

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  1. Why rare targets are slow: Evidence that the target probability effect has an attentional locus Hon, N., & Tan, C. –H. (2013) Attention, Perception, & Psychophys, 75, 388-393.

  2. Take Home Message The target probability effect (TPe) has an attentional locus.

  3. Target Probability Effect (TPe) Targets that occur with lower probability are detected more slowly than their higher probability counterparts • Behavioral research implicate perceptual-/response-level processing in TPe • Perceptual advantages enjoyed specifically by high-probability targets • Different levels of response preparation • Neuroscience research relate TPe to prefrontal and parietal lobe • Inverse relationship between target probability and neural activity • Representational update

  4. Question • Frontoparietal regions are implicated in attentional control • Ex: Frontoparietalactivity increases as attentional demands increase  Is the TPecaused by an asymmetry in the attentional demands made by targets that occur with different probability?

  5. Experiment 1: High attentional demands • Experiment 2: Low attentional demands

  6. Limiting attentional resources for detection exacerbates TPe Experiment 1

  7. Method • 24 participants • Block: Single-task v.s. Dual-task • Target: High-probability : Low-probability = 4 : 1 • Interruption: 70th, 110th, 140th, and 200th trials D X B F 1000 ms 1000 ms Until response (“/”) D

  8. Results • Main effect: Probability • Main effect: Task type • Significant ordinal interaction

  9. TPe is attenuated when more attentional resources are available for detection Experiment 2

  10. Method • 20 participants • Trial: Standard v.s. Pop-out • Target: High-probability : Low-probability = 4 : 1 D X B XXX XBX XXX 1000 ms 1000 ms Until response (“/”) XXX XAX XXX

  11. Results • Main effect: Probability • Main effect: Trial type • Significant ordinal interaction

  12. Discussion • Attentional manipulations disproportionately affected the low-probability targets  They requires more attentional processing • Several alternative explanations for the results can be ruled out: • Results in Experiment 1 stemmed from difficulties in staying vigilant? • The findings are caused by perceptual differences, or response preparation differences? • Ordinal interactions stemmed from floor or ceiling effects? • Attentional resources can be very fine-grained • Low-probability targets is central to the TPe

  13. THE END =)

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