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Global Production Networks: Debates and Challenges GPERG workshop Manchester, 25-26 Jan, 2007

Global Production Networks: Debates and Challenges GPERG workshop Manchester, 25-26 Jan, 2007. GPNs/GVCs and Multi-Scalar Standards Khalid Nadvi IDPM,SED, Univ. of Manchester. Standards & GVCs: Current Focus. Typologies of standards: Product versus Process

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Global Production Networks: Debates and Challenges GPERG workshop Manchester, 25-26 Jan, 2007

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  1. Global Production Networks: Debates and Challenges GPERG workshopManchester, 25-26 Jan, 2007 GPNs/GVCs and Multi-Scalar Standards Khalid Nadvi IDPM,SED, Univ. of Manchester

  2. Standards & GVCs: Current Focus • Typologies of standards: • Product versus Process • Focus on process standards (Quality, Environmental, Labour/Social/Ethical) • Distinct types (Company Codes, Labels, National and International Standards) • Coverage (Firms, Chains, Sectors, Generic) • Who are the key drivers? (Business, NGOs, Govt, International Bodies) • Who certifies? (internal/independent audits, private auditors, NGOs, Govt) • What regulatory implications? (voluntary, market requirement, mandatory) • Geographical Scale (sub-national, National, Regional, Global)

  3. Existing Research Focus • What implications for governance and upgrading within GVC/GPN ties? • Empirical GVC studies on standards in: • Agro-processing & Food Sectors (Quality, SPS, Food Safety, Environmental, Labour/Ethical) • Garments, Leather, Footwear (Labour, Social/Ethical, Environmental) • Metal Products (Quality Assurance)

  4. Gaps and Issues arising from current focus • How relevant are existing typologies? • Boundaries Blurring • Between Product and Process • Within Process standards • Increasing Complexity • Relative neglect of: • Product & Technological Standards • Some exceptions – Telecoms

  5. Product and Technological Standards • Key Issues (Hess & Coe 2006) • Co-ordination and Competition • Standards and Technical Innovation • Complexity • Pluralism – of actors • Role of Govt/Regional Regulators • Regional Specificities & Cultural Embeddedness • Innovation Networks and Standards Formation – Standards and National Innovation Systems • Distinct Governance Implications

  6. Environmental Standards • Focus in particular on health and food safety issues • Power of global supermarkets • Governance Implications – moves towards internalisation/externalisation of functions • Increasing role of intermediary actors • Weak role for local governance

  7. Labour and Social Standards • Global NGOs & Global Brands – The power of naming and shaming • International Bodies • ILO – as a standard setting and monitoring agency • ETI – shaping company codes • Complex Partnerships • Brands, Global NGOs, International Bodies • Weak role for local actors (Govt, NGOs, Business, TUs) • Diverse Governance Implications

  8. Standards: Challenges for the Future I • Linkages between Product Standards and Technological Innovation – clusters, GVC/GPN, innovation systems • Social/Environmental Standards • Complex Public-Private Partnerships • Role of non-corporate actors in GVC/GPN networks and GVC governance

  9. Standards: Challenges for the Future II • China and India – • Reshaping the Geography of Globalisation and GVC/GPN Ties? • Consequences for Standard Formulation • Specific Sectors or Generalised? • Distinguished by End-Markets • Role of State and Civil Society Actors within China/India on Environmental & Labour Standards • Regional Standards & Regional Markets • Standards and Rent Capture

  10. Standards: Challenges for the Future III • Standards and Trajectories -Convergence or Divergence? • Product/Technological • Quality • Environmental • Labour/Social/Ethical

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