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Achieving Real-time Pulse-to-pulse PRI Prediction

Achieving Real-time Pulse-to-pulse PRI Prediction. By Rémi Gauvin B.A.Sc. Computer Engineering MC Countermeasures Inc. Objectives. Radars and Current ECM Overview What is PRI Prediction and its Benefits? How PRI Prediction is Achieved Results Obtained Conclusion and Future Look.

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Achieving Real-time Pulse-to-pulse PRI Prediction

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  1. Achieving Real-time Pulse-to-pulse PRI Prediction By Rémi Gauvin B.A.Sc. Computer Engineering MC Countermeasures Inc.

  2. Objectives • Radars and Current ECM Overview • What is PRI Prediction and its Benefits? • How PRI Prediction is Achieved • Results Obtained • Conclusion and Future Look Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  3. Introduction on Radars • Pulsed Doppler Illuminator • Constant PRI • High PRI Pulsed Doppler • Constant PRI and Dwell-Shift • Medium PRF Pulsed Doppler • Staggered PRI (few stagger levels) • Low PRI Pulsed Doppler • Staggered PRI • Low PRF Radars • Complex PRI Patterns Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  4. PRI Pattern Modulations Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  5. Current ECM: Noise Jamming • Noise masks out the target return • Good against older non-coherent radars with wide instantaneous bandwidth • Unsuccessful against: • Burst-to-burst RF agile radars • Coherent processing Radars with narrow bandwidth Doppler filtering • Noise jamming with fast tuning oscillator may be ineffective due to low tuning accuracy Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  6. Current ECM: Deception Using Analog Delay Lines • Analog delay lines holds the Radar pulse to create a delayed copy • Down range false targets only • RGPO: Range Gate Pull Out technique • Radar’s MTI Filter follows the false target instead of the target return. • Noise accumulates quickly in the delay line making the technique limited to only a few s Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  7. Current ECM: DeceptionUsing DRFM’s • Digital Radar Frequency Memory (DRFM) • Store the Radar pulse indefinitely • False Target Position can be anywhere for constant PRI modulation • Range Gate Pull Out and Range Gate Pull In Technique are possible • Problem: Non Constant PRI Modulation Limits the False Target Position to Down Range Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  8. Solution: PRI Prediction • Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) Prediction consists of estimating the time of arrival (TOA) of the next Radar pulse • Paired with a DRFM based system a PRI Predictor can produce targets over the full PRI range Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  9. Constant PRI False Target can be positioned anywhere with or without prediction Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  10. Non Constant PRIwithout Prediction Without prediction the false target position is limited to down range for non-constant pattern modulation Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  11. Non Constant PRIwith Prediction With prediction the false target can now be positioned correctly anywhere regardless of pattern modulation Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  12. Other Advantages of PRI Prediction : Fades • Production of false targets during signal fades or receiver blanking • Even though the video signal is blanked the false targets are still produced in their correct position Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  13. Other Advantages of PRI Prediction: Filtering • Knowing when the next pulse should occur allows the system to write only valid pulses in the DRFM and trigger false targets only on valid pulses • Improved filtering of multiple signals with the use of time gating principles Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  14. Difficulties in PRI Prediction • Data rate (PRI’s range for 2 s to 15 ms) • Corrupt data • PRI pattern containing extra pulses • PRI pattern missing pulses • Interleaved patterns • Multiple radars in band • Noise in band Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  15. To Make PRI Prediction Work • A System must: • Track various modulation type such as: Constants, Dwell-Shifts, Staggered, Linear-Sliding and Wobulated (Sinusoidal) • Base prediction on real-time data • Perform real-time pulse-to-pulse analysis and prediction • Have minimal sensitivity to spurious and missing pulses • Have the ability to keep track through signal fades Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  16. Multiple Thread Solution • MC-CM Adaptive Prediction Scheme • The system has a Multiple Instruction Single Data (MISD) Structure and runs a variety of predictive algorithms on different threads • The algorithms learns the pattern and issues predictions in real-time on pulse-to-pulse basis Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  17. Typical Prediction Process • Predictions for upcoming PRI’s originate from associating individual weights to different PRI’s accumulated over the last while Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  18. Multiple Thread Solution (2) Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  19. PRI Prediction System Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  20. 4 x 4 inches USB Interface 3 x 3 inches Serial Interface Available Form Factors Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  21. Performance vs. Constants, Dwell-Shifts and Sliding • Accurately tracks the PRI after a few pulses • PRI can range from 2s to 15 ms Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  22. Performance vs. Staggered Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  23. Performance vs. Wobulated • Tracks after 100 to 150 PRI’s (Typically) • Min PRI of 75 us, Max Deviation +/- 50 % • As little as 4 PRI per cycle required Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  24. Random Pulse Drop Outs Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  25. Conclusion • PRI Prediction improves ECM Effectiveness • False target production is possible over full range of the PRI regardless of the PRI pattern modulation • Can produce false targets during signal fades and receiver blanking. • Sorts unwanted information from DRFM with time gating principles Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  26. Future • What is next: • Pulse de-interleaving using RF data to isolate a single emitter out of many • Tracking and jamming multiple emitters simultaneously or in a time shared fashion • Improved tracking and acquisition of various modulation types in a corrupt environment Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  27. Acknowledgements Special thanks to : • Scott McDonald • Ken McRitchie • Dan Grise For information, resources and work performed on the PRI Predictor line of systems Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

  28. ? Questions ? For further information, please feel free to contact us at: MC Countermeasures Inc. 39 Robertson Road, Suite 256 Nepean, Ontario, K2H 8R2 Canada Tel: +1 (613) 721-1552 Fax: +1 (613) 721-1553 http://www.mc-cm.com remi@mc-cm.com THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Visit us at http://www.mc-cm.com

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