How Did We Get the Bible?

2. How Did We Get the Bible?

3. How We Got the Bible Lesson One: Divine Inspiration & the Formation of the Old Testament

4. The Inspiration of Scripture

5. Bible Claims of Inspiration “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.” (II Timothy 3:16, 17)

6. Bible Claims of Inspiration “...No Prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation, for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.” (II Peter 1:20-21)

7. Bible Claims of Inspiration “For this reason we also thank God without ceasing, because when you received the word of God which you heard from us, you welcomed it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which also effectively works in you who believe.” (I Thessalonians 2:13)

8. The Nature of Inspiration René Pache, The Inspiration and Authority of Scripture: found phrases like... “Thus says the Lord” “The word of the Lord came to” 3808 Times (Chicago: Moody Press, 1969, pp. 65, 81)

9. The Nature of Inspiration • Plenary “Full” Inspiration. Lat. plenus “full.” All of Scripture is inspired. • Verbal Inspiration. Every word of Scripture is inspired. • Dynamic Inspiration. Although the the personality and environment of the writer was allowed to show through - the Holy Spirit held absolute control of the outcome.

10. The Nature of Inspiration • Plenary “Full” Inspiration. Lat. plenus “full.” All of Scripture is inspired. • Verbal Inspiration. Every word of Scripture is inspired. • Dynamic Inspiration. Although the the personality and environment of the writer was allowed to show through - the Holy Spirit held absolute control of the outcome.

11. The Nature of Inspiration • Plenary “Full” Inspiration. Lat. plenus “full.” All of Scripture is inspired. • Verbal Inspiration. Every word of Scripture is inspired. • Dynamic Inspiration. Although the the personality and environment of the writer was allowed to show through - the Holy Spirit held absolute control of the outcome.

12. Written Language

13. Hebrew - Most of the Old Testament. • Aramaic - A few passages of the Old Testament. • Koine “Common” Greek - The New Testament. The Language of the Bible

14. Hebrew - Most of the Old Testament. • Aramaic - A few passages of the Old Testament. • Koine “Common” Greek - The New Testament. The Language of the Bible

15. Hebrew - Most of the Old Testament. • Aramaic - A few passages of the Old Testament. • Koine “Common” Greek - The New Testament. The Language of the Bible

16. Tablets

17. Writing Material in Scripture TABLETS “The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron; with the point of a diamond it is engraved on the tablet of their heart, and on the horns of your altars,” (Jeremiah 17:1)

18. Writing Material in Scripture TABLETS “And when He had made an end of speaking with him on Mount Sinai, He gave Moses two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone, written with the finger of God.” (Exodus 31:18).

19. Scrolls

20. Papyrus

21. Parchment

22. Writing Material in Scripture SCROLLS “Take a scroll of a book and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you against Israel, against Judah, and against all the nations, from the day I spoke to you, from the days of Josiah even to this day.” (Jeremiah 36:2)

23. Writing Material in Scripture SCROLLS “Now when I looked, there was a hand stretched out to me; and behold, a scroll of a book was in it. Then He spread it before me; and there was writing on the inside and on the outside, and written on it were lamentations and mourning and woe.” (Ezekiel 2:9)

24. Ideographic (Ideas conveyed in pictographic symbols). • Hieroglyphic (Egypt). • Cuneiform (Mesopotamia, Persia, the Levant). • Alphabetic (Graphic symbols that represent sounds). Early Writing Systems

25. Ideographic (Ideas conveyed in pictographic symbols). • Hieroglyphic (Egypt). • Cuneiform (Mesopotamia, Persia, the Levant). • Alphabetic (Graphic symbols that represent sounds). Early Writing Systems

26. Hieroglyphics

27. Ideographic (Ideas conveyed in pictographic symbols). • Hieroglyphic (Egypt). • Cuneiform (Mesopotamia, Persia, the Levant). • Alphabetic (Graphic symbols that represent sounds). Early Writing Systems

28. Cuneiform

29. Ideographic (Ideas conveyed in pictographic symbols). • Hieroglyphic (Egypt). • Cuneiform (Mesopotamia, Persia, the Levant). • Alphabetic (Graphic symbols that represent sounds). Early Writing Systems

30. Proto-Sinaiticca. 1500 BC

31. Alphabetic Development Alphabet Allowed writing to be more accessible Ideographs

32. Alphabetic Development The First Commandment: “You shall have no other Gods before me” Proto-Sinaitic Alphabet

33. Alphabetic Development The First Commandment: “You shall have no other Gods before me” 1500 BC 800 AD

34. Ten CommandmentsIn Paleo-Hebrew

35. Modern Printed Hebrew Bible

36. Major Events for the Hebrew Text

37. Major Events for the Hebrew Text • The Giving of the Law of Moses (ca. 1400 BC). • The Recovery of the Book of Moses in the Reign of Josiah (ca. 621 BC). • The Restoration of the Jews to Palestine and the Reforms of Ezra (ca. 400 BC).

38. Major Events for the Hebrew Text • The Giving of the Law of Moses (ca. 1400 BC). • The Recovery of the Book of Moses in the Reign of Josiah (ca. 621 BC). • The Restoration of the Jews to Palestine and the Reforms of Ezra (ca. 400 BC).

39. Major Events for the Hebrew Text • The Giving of the Law of Moses (ca. 1400 BC). • The Recovery of the Book of Moses in the Reign of Josiah (ca. 621 BC). • The Restoration of the Jews to Palestine and the Reforms of Ezra (ca. 400 BC).

40. The Giving of the Law to Moses

41. The Giving of the Law of Moses “These are the commandments which the LORD commanded Moses for the children of Israel on Mount Sinai” (Leviticus 27:34)

42. The Giving of the Law of Moses “These are the words of the covenant which the LORD commanded Moses to make with the children of Israel in the land of Moab, besides the covenant which He made with them in Horeb.” (Deuteronomy 29:1).

43. The Giving of the Law of Moses “Remember the Law of Moses, My servant, Which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel, with the statutes and judgments.” (Malachi 4:4).

44. The Giving of the Law of Moses “Now all the people gathered together as one man in the open square that was in front of the Water Gate…”

45. The Giving of the Law of Moses “…and they told Ezra the scribe to bring the Book of the Law of Moses, which the LORD had commanded Israel.” (Nehemiah 8:1)

46. Man Says This Isn’t True! Julius Wellhausen’s Documentary Hypothesis The Penteteuch was not given by God, or written by Moses, but was formed by man from different sources: Source J • Source E • Source D • Source P Jehovah • Elohim • Deuteronomist • Priestly Then compiled together from 900-400 BC.

47. What Is The Truth? • The Bible says it was given by God and written by Moses.

48. What Does The Bible Say? In the Penteteuch we find the phrases... “The LORD spoke to Moses” 104 Times “The LORD said to Moses” 56 Times “The LORD commanded Moses” 28 Times

49. The Bible Says the Law of Moses... • Was written by Moses “...have you not read in the book of Moses...” (Mark 12:26). “Did not Moses give you the law...” (John 7:19). • Yet, it was given by God “The law was through Moses” (John 1:17).

50. What Is The Truth? • The Bible says it was written by Moses and given by God. • Ancient writers believed it was written by Moses.