Presentation Transcript

1. Global III Study Guide

   Semester Exam
2. WWI #1 What countries comprised the Triple Alliance? Germany Austria-Hungary Italy – who later dropped out and fought on the side of the Allies
3. WWI #2 What was the immediate (one event) cause of World War I? The assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and his wife by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip
4. WWI #3 What country pledged unlimited military support to Austria-Hungary after the assassination of the Archduke? Germany
5. WWI #4 What were the four main causes of WWI? Imperialism Competition for colonies in Africa, SE Asia, & the Pacific among European powers Militarism Spending huge $$ on the military and preparing for war made it eventually more likely to happen Nationalism Alliances Once two countries were at odds, their allies had to back them up
6. WWI #5 What was the official U.S. foreign policy at the outset of World War I? Neutrality – President Wilson wanted to protect American investments in Europe. We officially protested hostile and aggressive actions by both sides and tried to be a peacemaker.
7. WWI #6 How would you describe the combat situation during the first few years of the War on the Western Front? A stalemate – though the German army quickly swept through Belgium and Western France they were halted by French and British forces at the River Marne. There neither side was able to gain an advantage.
8. WWI #7 After the trans-Atlantic cable was cut, who was the only source of information about events in Europe available to the U.S.? Great Britain Who did they paint as evil monsters? Germany
9. WWI #8 How was the United States able to raise the funds necessary for the war effort? By selling Liberty Bonds – redeemable + interest at a later date. More than $20 billion was raised
10. WWI #9 Why was it hard for the U.S. population to remain neutral in their hearts and minds prior to entering the war? British anti-German propaganda & unrestricted submarine warfare against U.S. ships by German U Boats despite pledges to stop
11. WWI #10 How did women contribute to the war effort on the home front? Jobs previously available only to men were ably filled by women. Nearly 400,000 women also joined the industrial work force.
12. WWI #11 What caused President Wilson to change his stance from neutrality to asking Congress to declare war on Germany? Unrestricted submarine warfare against U.S. ships despite pledges not to do so The Russian Revolution The Zimmerman Note
13. WWI #12 What is the Selective Service Act of 1917, and why was it passed? It authorized a draft of young men for military service. It was passed because the army needed to raise its numbers to 1 million by 1918 and 3 million by 1919
14. WWI #13 What was the state of the U.S. military upon declaring war on Germany? Far from ready! Less than 1oo,ooo men in uniform, the National Guard needed training, and the Marines were on duty protecting American interests in Central America and the Pacific
15. WWI #14 What is the Zimmerman Note? An intercepted note from German foreign minister Zimmerman to Mexico offering land in the American Southwest for declaring war on the United States
16. WWI #15 Roughly how many soldiers died in WWI? 10 million
17. WWI #16 What made adjusting to post-war life in America difficult? There was no plan in place to reintegrate troops into society. Many women were forced out of their jobs, and African Americans still faced discrimination in hiring despite being cheered as heroes of war.
18. WWI #17 What was Woodrow Wilson’s goal for the League of Nation? To ensure security and peace for all members
19. WWI #18 What were the major terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Nine new nations were created out of some of the land of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations to the allies for economic damage Allied powers divided up German colonies Germany had to accept full war guilt Germany could not rebuild its army
20. WWI #19 What was the aim of Wilson’s Fourteen Point Plan? Wilson hoped the world could “be made safe for every peace loving nation…” He hoped they would form the basis of peace negotiations.
21. WWI #20 What was the nickname for the alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire? The Central Powers
22. WWI #21 What nations were represented at the Paris Peace Conference? The Big Four dominated: Great Britain, France, Italy, and the United States
23. WWI #22 What new roles did the Federal Government take on during World War I? New Federal Agencies were created to oversee the war effort Regulating food and fuel consumption
24. WWI #23 What event turned the tide of war against the Germans on the Western Front? The entry of U.S. forces into the war, which enabled the allies to defeat the Germans at the Second Battle of the Marne and save Paris.
25. WWI #24 What was the date and time the armistice was signed, ending combat in World War I? 11:00 am November 11, 1918 (11:00am 11/11/18)
26. WWI #25 Why were many senators opposed to the U.S. joining the League of Nations? They feared it would drag the country into unpopular and expensive foreign wars. Congress did not sign the Treaty of Versailles, but instead passed a resolution declaring the war over.
27. WWI #26 Why were the new weapons of war so destructive? Machine guns, rapid fire artillery, poison gasses, tanks, and other weapons were designed to decimate the opponent.
28. WWI #27 What is nationalism? How did it contribute to World War I? Intense feelings of pride in ones country Tendency of the great powers to act in their own best interests, even if it went against the best interests of another nation Ethnic minorities within countries who wanted independence and self-rule
29. WWI #28 How are World War I and the Russian Revolution intertwined in history. Russia suffered disaster upon disaster early in the war. By 1917 4 million had been taken prisoner or killed, and enemy forces were advancing deep into Russian territory. The military embarrassment, coupled with the economic condition of the country set the stage for revolution.
30. WWI #29 What was the original intent of airplanes during World War I? To scout enemy positions (reconnaissance)
31. WWI #30 Which nation withdrew from the Triple Alliance and entered World War I to fight on the opposing side? Italy
32. The Roaring 20’s #1 Why did many African Americans move from the South to the North in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? The passage of Jim Crow laws in the South that legalized segregation and job opportunities in the North’s urban centers
33. The Roaring 20’s #2 What was the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? It gave women the right to vote in all elections
34. The Roaring 20’s #3 What was the conflict at had in the 1925 trial of John Scopes? Scopes taught the theory of evolution in his science class in Tennessee, despite laws prohibiting this. The conflict was between science and religion.
35. The Roaring 20’s #4 What is the Harlem Renaissance? An awakening and appreciation of African American literature, poetry, art, and jazz centered in Harlem, New York
36. The Roaring 20’s #5 What was largely responsible for the economic boom of the 1920’s? The expansion of credit and buying items on an installment plan Growth of a consumer economy – one dependent on consumers to spend lots of money
37. The Roaring 20’s #6 What was a result of prohibition on U.S. society? The growth of organized crime
38. The Roaring 20’s #7 What financial practice, popular in the 1920’s, contributed to the stock market crash? Buying stock on margin – getting it for a fraction of the price and borrowing the rest from a stock broker.
39. The Roaring 20’s #8 What was the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? A ban on the making, consumption, or sale of alcoholic beverages.
40. The Roaring 20’s #9 What form of music that gained wide notoriety during the 20’s is characterized by bold solos and the freedom to improvise and recognized as uniquely American? Jazz
41. The Roaring 20’s #10 What were flappers and what did they represent? A new type of woman: bold, rebellious, energetic, and fun loving. They drank, smoked, wore makeup, wore their hair short and represented a wider challenging of traditional values.
42. The Roaring 20’s #11 What are installment plans and what effect did they have on the American economy? Installment plans allow consumers to pay for a product on a fixed schedule. This allowed them to buy larger more expensive products, which in turn helped the economy grow.
43. The Roaring 20’s #12 What was Henry Ford’s dream selling cars in America? To “Democratize the automobile” making them available at prices the ordinary American could afford.
44. The Roaring 20’s #13 What was a major demographic shift that occurred during the 1920’s? Americans moved from rural to urban areas. The 1920’s was the first decade in American history where the urban population was greater than the rural population
45. The Roaring 20’s #14 What is welfare capitalism? A strategy used by business leaders to meet some of the demands of their workers and prevent strikes and labor tension, thus keeping productivity high. Raised wages, provided paid vacations, health plans, recreation plans, and English classes for recent immigrants
46. The Roaring 20’s #15 What were Americans fearful of during the Red Scare? The spread of communism and other politically radical ideas to America. Many Americans called for communists to be jailed or kicked out!
47. The Roaring 20’s #16 Why did many American believe Sacco and Vanzetti were executed? Because they were immigrants with radical political beliefs, not the actual men who robbed and killed a paymaster for a Braintree shoe factory.
48. The Roaring 20’s #17 What was the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? It repealed the 18th Amendment (prohibition)
49. The Roaring 20’s #18 What did advertisements and installment plans encourage? Consumers to buy stuff – lots of stuff!
50. The Roaring 20’s #19 Who were the targets of the Ku Klux Klan’s terror? African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants
51. The Roaring 20’s #20 Many Americans feared the country was losing its traditional values and responded by joining a religious movement known as what? Fundamentalism
52. The Roaring 20’s #21 What is Tuesday, October 29, 1929 known as? Black Tuesday – the day of the Great Crash!
53. The Roaring 20’s #22 After World War I, how did most Americans want to avoid future wars? They wanted to avoid any political or economic alliances with foreign nations - isolationism
54. The Great Depression #1 What was a significant cause of the Great Depression? Buying stock on margin (borrowing money from stock brokers to pay for the stock) Over speculation in the stock market
55. The Great Depression #2 What was the point of the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC)? To guarantee people’s deposits up to $250k so that in the event of another crash and/or depression thousands more Americans would not lose their savings.
56. The Great Depression #3 How did President Hoover plan on getting the U.S. out of the Depression? By doing nothing – he thought things would take care of themselves
57. The Great Depression #4 Why did the power of labor unions increase during the 1930’s? Because the Federal Government officially recognized workers right to unionize and collectively bargain
58. The Great Depression #5 What happened when banks collapsed during the Great Depression? Depositors lost all of their money!
59. The Great Depression #6 What was the Dust Bowl? What were its two major causes? The Dust Bowl was the nickname for an area stretching from Texas to North Dakota that suffered severe drought in the 1930s. It was caused by the combination of drought and over-farming which exposed the fertile top soil to the dry conditions and extreme winds
60. The Great Depression #7 What was the major difference between the administrations of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt? Roosevelt was willing to use the power of the Federal Government to try and pull America out of the Depression, while Hoover’s plan was to let the economy fix itself
61. The Great Depression #8 What event is most closely associated with the end of the Great Depression? The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and America’s subsequent entry into WWII
62. The Great Depression #9 What economic trends of the 1920’s helped cause the Great Depression? Buying stock on margin Speculation in the stock market which led to inflated values for stock (companies weren’t actually worth as much as their stock would lead investors to believe)
63. The Great Depression #10 What were “Hoovervilles”? Shanty towns for the homeless and poor in urban areas. Called this as an insult to President Hoover, who they blamed for their economic struggles. Also: Hoover Flags, Hoover Blankets (what are these?)
64. The Great Depression #11 A lasting effect of the New Deal has been the belief the government should _______ in times of crisis? Intervene to help its citizens
65. The Great Depression #12 How did the Great Depression in America hurt European countries economies? The U.S. invested heavily in Germany which enabled them to make reparation payments to other European countries. When depression hit America that investment stopped – and so did reparation payments that countries were dependent upon.
66. The Great Depression #13 How did the U.S. government’s role in the economy change as a result of the Great Depression? The Government played a much more active role in the economy after the New Deal.
67. The Great Depression #14 What happened to 1000’s of U.S. banks after the Great Crash? They failed! Lost all of their depositors money and had to close.
68. The Great Depression #15 Why did people’s physical and mental health decline during the Great Depression? Lack of medical care, improper nutrition, and depression – men were ashamed they were willing and able to work but could not find any to support their families.
69. The Great Depression #16 What happened to working women during the Great Depression? They were forced out of their positions, fired, and faced even more discrimination in the hiring process
70. The Great Depression #17 What group of Americans was hit hardest by the Great Depression? The poorest of the poor
71. The Great Depression #18 Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt appeal to American voters in the election of 1932? He was willing to use the Federal Government to intervene and try to pull America out of the Depression. As governor of New York he implemented plans to help his suffering citizens.
72. The Great Depression #19 Who were the Bonus Army? What did they want from the Federal Government? A group of WWI veterans and their families who marched to Washington D.C. in May, 1932. They wanted a bonus for their service scheduled to be paid in 1945 to be paid immediately.
73. The Great Depression #20 New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were designed to help what group? The unemployed!!
74. Rise of Dictators #1 Why was the League of Nations ineffective? The U.S. was not a member It could not use military force
75. Rise of Dictators #2 What did France and Great Britain want to avoid at all costs in dealing with nations unsatisfied with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Armed conflict! This led to the development of their policy of appeasement
76. Rise of Dictators #3 What were the key factors in the rise of totalitarian governments in post WWI Europe? The terms of treaty of Versailles!
77. Rise of Dictators #4 Where did Japan turn for raw materials and natural resources after Germany signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union? Colonies of the Western powers in SE Asia & the Chinese mainland
78. Rise of Dictators #5 What terms of the Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of totalitarian states in Germany and Italy? Italy felt they should have received more land for their leaving the Triple Alliance and fighting on the side of the Allies Germany got hammered by the terms of the Treaty!
79. Rise of Dictators #6 What is fascism? A form of totalitarian government where citizens put the needs of the state ahead of their individual needs. Usually led by a powerful dictator (Mussolini, Hitler)
80. Rise of Dictators #7 Why did the Nazi party and Adolph Hitler appeal to many Germans in the early 1930’s? They were preaching Germany nationalism, that Germans were the superior race, and they were going to take revenge on those who punished them! Promised to end the economic struggle
81. Rise of Dictators #8 What historical event contributed to the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy? WWI and the resulting Treaty of Versailles
82. Rise of Dictators #9 How did Italy, Germany, and Japan try to solve their economic problems? Through conquest – expansion of their territory
83. Rise of Dictators #10 Who supported Francisco Franco’s fascist regime in Spain? Germany & Italy
84. Rise of Dictators #11 What shift in American foreign policy was evident by the passage of the Cash Carry and Lend Lease Acts? A shift from neutrality to helping our allies combat the Axis powers
85. Rise of Dictators #12 How did Hitler end Germany’s economic woes? By beginning to rebuild the military, despite the fact they were not allowed to do so according to the Treaty of Versailles
86. Rise of Dictators #13 What was the policy of appeasement? What was its goal? To meet some of the demands of nations unsatisfied with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles (TOV) in an attempt to avoid armed conflict.
87. Rise of Dictators #14 How is the United States’ foreign policy from the end of WWI to its entry in WWII best described? Isolationist/neutral
88. Rise of Dictators #15 According to the TOV, was Germany allowed to rebuild its military? NO!
89. Rise of Dictators #16 What is the enabling act? What leader used it as a legal basis for his power? It allowed the Germany constitution to be suspended for 4 years and for the leaders to pass any laws necessary for the benefit of the country. It was used by Hitler
90. Rise of Dictators #17 Who did Hitler blame Germany’s defeat in WWI on? The Jews
91. Rise of Dictators #18 After invading Czechoslovakia, what country did Hitler invade next in 1939? Poland
92. Rise of Dictators #19 What were the Nuremberg Laws? A series of laws designed to separate true Germans from Jews
93. Rise of Dictators #20 What was Germany’s military strategy for the invasion of Poland? What does it mean? Blitzkrieg – lightning war
94. Rise of Dictators #21 What did Hitler believe about the Western European states willingness to enforce the terms of the TOV? He believed they would do nothing, especially militarily
95. Rise of Dictators #22 What fascist made a non aggression pact with a communist, despite being traditional enemies? Hitler made this pact with Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union
96. Rise of Dictators #23 What did the Lend-Lease Act allow the U.S. government to do? Provide supplies/aid to our allies in Europe
97. Rise of Dictators #24 When did WWII officially begin? When Germany invaded Poland in September, 1939
98. Rise of Dictators #25 What prompted the U.S. to enter WWII? Japanese bombing a naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
99. Rise of Dictators #26 After the U.S. declared war on Japan what two countries declared war on us? Germany and Italy
100. Rise of Dictators #27 Who did the Nazi’s believe was the master race? They were! Aryans.