Conquest and Colonies

1. Conquest and Colonies Chapter 16 section 2

2. Key Terms • Atahualpa • Viceroys • Bartolome de Las Casas • Treaty of Tordesellas • Encomienda • Herman Cortez • Conquistador • Montezuma II • Francisco Pizzaro

3. Spain Builds an Empire • Hispaniola and Cuba first settlements • Did not find much gold • Ecomienda –colonist given land and native Americans • They work the land for him • Had to teach them Christianity • Basis for all Spanish settlements

4. Spain Builds an Empire • Overwork • Mistreatment • Diseases spread by Europeans • No natural defenses • Millions would die

5. The Conquest of Mexico • Herman Cortex- led an expedition to Mexico • Ended in conquest of the Aztec Empire • Conquistador-conqueror term applied to Spanish military leaders who fought the native peoples

6. The Conquest of Mexico • Montezuma II- Aztec leader • Was unpopular to the people he led • Cortez used the lack of popularity against him • Arrived at Tenochtitlan with thousands of Native Americans and small band of Spanish

7. The Conquest of Mexico • Women named Malintzin who joined Cortez as a translator • Advantages of the Spanish • Metal weapons • Heavy armor • Guns • First sight of horses induced terror

8. The Conquest of Mexico • Disease kills thousands • November 8, 1519 Cortez enters Mexico • Took emperor hostage • Montezuma was killed in a battle • Months of fighting • Cortez took the city and entire empire

9. The Conquest of Peru • Francisco Pizarro-led expedition to Peru and the Incas • Disease (small pox) had killed the emperor and many people • Civil war had broken out • Atahualpa-took over the empire just before the Spanish arrived

10. The Conquest of Peru • Atahualpa agreed to meet with the Spanish • Demanded that he accept Christianity and turn over his empire • Took Atahualpa prisoner • Killed him after they were paid a ransom • Destroyed Inca Army and took over the empire

11. Life in the Spanish Empire • Conquest of Mexico and Peru controlled a huge empire • Viceroys- chosen by the king to rule large areas in the kings name • Economy based on mining silver and gold • Spanish drafted Native Americans to work

12. Life in the Spanish Empire • Disease and mistreatment took its toll • Killed 90% of the 50 million people(4 million left) • Bartolome de Las Casas-seeking to protect Native Americans recommended using African Slaves as labor

13. The Portuguese in Brazil • Signed a treaty early in the exploration • Treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494 drew an imaginary line everything to the west was Spain to the east Portuguese (Brazil) • Brazils jungles made mining difficult

14. The Portuguese Arrive in Brazil • 1530’s colonists began to move in • Established huge farms and estates used Native Americans then switched to African slaves

15. French, Dutch, and English Colonies in the Americas • French had many colonies in Canada (New France) • Hoped to find silver and gold, did not • Found fish, furs • Lynx • Otter • Fox • Beaver sold for high prices

16. New France • French did not send a large number of colonists • Only small groups of traders • French did not enslave Native Americans • Native Americans were the main source of furs

17. New France • Many French married Native Americans • Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec • French explored the Mississippi • Thought it flowed to the Pacific ocean • La Salle claimed around Mississippi region • Called Louisiana after King Louis XIV

18. The Dutch of New Netherlands • Located on the Hudson River • 1629 Governor bought Manhattan from Wappinger people • New Amsterdam became New York City • Fewer than 4,000 people in all of New Netherland

19. The Dutch of New Netherland • Dutch more focused on colonies in other parts of the world • They were more profitable because they got goods not available in Europe or the Americas • Produced sugar in the Caribbean • Spices from Southeast Asia

20. The English Colonies • Did not set out to establish colonies • Jamestown the first colony in 1607 • Hoped for silver and gold and route to the Pacific • 1620’s Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth because of religious persecution

21. The English Colonies • Pilgrims were self sufficient in five years • Did not share same relationship with Native Americans as the French and Dutch • Native Americans had helped the colonists • Colonists view Native Americans with distrust or anger

22. British-French Conflict • Mid-1700’s British tried to settle in French Territory(upper Ohio River Valley) • Tensions grew war broke out 1754 • English and French both with Native American help • Called the French and Indian War

23. British-French Conflict • First war went badly for the British • French had more soldiers • British took Quebec • French surrendered gave up all land east of the Mississippi and Canada

24. British-French Conflict • British controlled more of North America • War was costly • English King placed cost of war on the Americans • Led to resentment • Planted the seeds of the revolution