1 / 19

The Aquatic Realm

The Aquatic Realm. Oceans, Lakes, Rivers, Streams, Ponds, & Wetlands. http://pictopia.com/perl/get_image?provider_id=207&size=550x550_mb&ptp_photo_id=156420. Water Water Everywhere. What color is the planet Earth from space? 78.08% Nitrogen (N 2 ) 20.95% Oxygen (O 2 ) 0.93% Argon

jaafar
Télécharger la présentation

The Aquatic Realm

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Aquatic Realm Oceans, Lakes, Rivers, Streams, Ponds, & Wetlands http://pictopia.com/perl/get_image?provider_id=207&size=550x550_mb&ptp_photo_id=156420

  2. Water Water Everywhere • What color is the planet Earth from space? • 78.08% Nitrogen (N2) • 20.95% Oxygen (O2) • 0.93% Argon • 0.038% Carbon dioxide • About 1% water vapor (varies with climate) • All life depends on water http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0201/earthrise_apollo8.jpg

  3. Water Water Everywhere • White • About 1% water vapor (varies with climate) • ~10% permanent ice (as glaciers, ice caps, etc.) • Blue • 71% of the planet covered in liquid water – surface of planet is primarily blue http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/9703/seaice_sts45_big.jpg

  4. Water Water Everywhere • 97% Saltwater oceans 2.4% Glaciers and polar ice caps • 0.6% other land surface water such as rivers, lakes and ponds http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Iceberg_with_hole_near_sanderson_hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg

  5. Fresh Water • How much water is available to drink? • 100% water on Earth • 97% is salt water. • 2.31% is ice • 0.66% is groundwater and soil moisture. • 0.03% is fresh water http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/img/cache/02268c260f8fff6f7502dd93a20e39be/WCYL-700.jpg

  6. Chemistry of Water • Composition of water • Structure and bonding • Molecular vibration • Symmetry of water molecules • Formation of hydrogen bonding • Structure of ice • Autoionization • Leveling effect of water and acid-base characters • Amphiprotic nature • Reactivity of water towards metals • Electrolysis of water http://nutrition.jbpub.com/resources/images/images/3.3_3.gif

  7. Cold Water • Cold water sinks • Water, as it gets colder, it becomes more dense (most dense at 4ºC (39ºF)) • At freezing, water expands (so it floats) http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/waterdens.html http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/ocean-temperature.jpg

  8. Cold Water • Heavy, dense water moves very slowly through deep regions of the ocean • Warm, less dense water moves quickly at surface • Interface between glacier and marine http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/Water/images/sm_temperature_depth.jpg http://www.eduspace.esa.int/Background/images/pumpe.gif

  9. Demo • Hot water rises • Cold water sinks • Go to:http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/00000031 • Try salt water vs. fresh (deionized water) • Predict hot fresh water vs. cold salt water http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/00000031

  10. Salts • Sea water solutes comprised of several salts (i.e. KCl, CaCl2, NaCl, MgCl2) • Forms ionic bonds • Dissolves in water, leaving cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) http://omp.gso.uri.edu/doee/science/physical/salt5.gif

  11. Salts • These ions conduct electricity • Don’t make toast at the same time you take a bath, I am sure your mother warned. What happens if the toaster falls into the water??? http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/salts.jpg

  12. Put Everything Together • Fresh water, less dense • Warm water, less dense • Warm water, less dissolved oxygen • Marine water, more dense • Cold water, more dense • Cold water, more oxygen http://www.stuffintheair.com/images/GlacierMelting.jpg

  13. Put Everything Together • Fresh warmer water enters the ocean at streams and rivers, and sits on top • Colder, salty water is more dense, and remains deeper • How does it mix? http://www.andrill.org/iceberg/blogs/julian/images/thc.gif

  14. Variables http://www.eco-check.org/images/do_conceptual_diagram.png

  15. Antarctic and Arctic Waters • Nutrient rich • Fresh, cold, oxygen rich water • Concentrations of plankton • Krill – keystone species, feed on plankton http://www.proteinpower.com/drmike/archives/Krill_Water.jpg http://www.oceanoasis.org/teachersguide/images/a6-upwelling2.jpg

  16. Winds Mix Water • Winds, blowing at the surface of the water, pushed the warmer, less dense water, allowing the deep cold water to mix http://images.aad.gov.au/img.py/110e.jpg

  17. Winds • Trade winds • Move from high pressure to low pressure • Cells of rising hot air, sinking cold air http://outreach.eos.nasa.gov/EOSDIS_CD-03/images/globalcirc.jpg

  18. Currents • Major current cycles • Slave trade routes • Circles Antarctica • Movement of cold polar water to warm tropical water • More land mass in northern hemisphere http://www.coconutstudio.com/Coconut%20Origins_files/curentts_winds_marine_bio.jpg

  19. Ocean Currents • Our simplified view of oceans is wrong • Pollution from North America has been found in Antarctica waters • Deep current circulates slowly around the world http://forces.si.edu/arctic/images/02_02_04_a.gif

More Related