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The History of Armor

The History of Armor. LTC Oakland McCulloch. Outline. Why Tanks Interwar Years Swinton, Fuller, Hart, Guderian, Soviets How Budgets & WWI experience Impacted Armor Development World War II Blitzkrieg Combined Arms Organization Armored Vehicles of World War II and Beyond.

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The History of Armor

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  1. The History of Armor LTC Oakland McCulloch

  2. Outline • Why Tanks • Interwar Years • Swinton, Fuller, Hart, Guderian, Soviets • How Budgets & WWI experience Impacted Armor Development • World War II • Blitzkrieg • Combined Arms • Organization • Armored Vehicles of World War II and Beyond

  3. The History of Armor • World War I Tanks and Tactics • Why tanks • No man’s land • Massive casualties • A replacement for Cavalry for exploitation of success • An answer to the technological advances in artillery • and machinegun • Break the stalemate

  4. The History of Armor • World War I Tanks and Tactics • Major-General Sir ErnestSwinton • Coined the name “Tank” • First attempt to develop a Tank was in 1912 • An Infantry support weapon – moving pillbox • 1915 • Little Willie given road trials in September • Mother Tank approved for development • 1916 • Tank Corps created – never more than 20,000 • Armor plate developed & Short barreled 6 pound gun • 20 Mother tanks tested & 50 new ones ordered

  5. The History of Armor • World War I Tanks and Tactics • 1917 • Disastrous British and French attacks • Outbreak of French Mutiny • Introduction of Hutier offensive tactics on Eastern Front • Battle of Cambrai and the first use of Tanks • Marginal success due to terrain & lack of cooperation • 1918 • First American Offensive at Cantigny • Germany Surrenders

  6. Mother Tank AV-7 Schneider Little Willie The History of Armor

  7. The History of Armor • Armor in the Interwar Years • Major-General J.F.C. Fuller • A Tank Army • B.H. Liddell Hart • Expanding Torrent Theory • Armor used against Artillery, Headquarters & Log Centers • General Heinz Guderian • Put Hart’s ideas into practice - Blitzkrieg • Combined Arms Warfare • Organization of Armored Force • The Soviet Model • Operational Maneuver Groups & Deep Attacks

  8. The History of Armor • The Impact of Budgets & WWI Experience on • Armor Development • Britain and France • Existing Armored Forces & Tactics • Appeasement • United States • No money for the military • Use of tanks as an Infantry support weapon • Reverts back to horse Cavalry • Germany and the Soviet Union • No existing Armored Forces & no pre-determined ideas • Worked together in secret to develop new vehicles and • tactics

  9. The History of Armor • Armored Forces in World War II • Germany • A well designed Armored Vehicle • Organization of Armored Divisions • Combined Arms Warfare • Armor, Motorized Infantry, Artillery, Aviation, Logistics • Blitzkrieg • Radio and Command & Control • Everyone Else in WW II • Inferior Armored Vehicles • Poor organization • Poor command & control • Poor tactics

  10. PzKw IV Panzer Tiger Matilda II T-34 Sherman Char B1 Panther The History of Armor

  11. The Evolution of Modern Armor

  12. The History of Armor Questions ?

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