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Nutrients & Homeostasis

Nutrients & Homeostasis. Metabolism & Body Heat. Metabolism All of the chemical reactions of the body taken together If rxns happen fast  fast metabolism These people use the energy in food (measured in calories) more quickly Most adults need between 1700-2500 calories per day

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Nutrients & Homeostasis

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  1. Nutrients & Homeostasis

  2. Metabolism & Body Heat • Metabolism • All of the chemical reactions of the body taken together • If rxns happen fast fast metabolism • These people use the energy in food (measured in calories) more quickly • Most adults need between 1700-2500 calories per day • Exercise use more caloriesgive off more heat • Nervous use more caloriesgive off more heat

  3. Nutrients & Homeostasis • Your body needs a constant supply of energy, but you don’t eat constantly • Certain organs regulate the amount of nutrients in the blood

  4. Liver • Takes glucose (direct energy) out of blood and stores as glycogen (stored energy) • OR • Converts glycogen into glucose if body needs • Hormones regulate this

  5. Pancreas • Makes hormones, insulin and glucagon, which work together to control level of glucose in blood

  6. The Hormones • Insulin • Causes a decrease in blood glucose • If too much glucose, insulin triggers liver to store as glycogen • Glucagon • Causes an increase in blood glucose • If not enough glucose, glucagon triggers liver to convert glycogen into glucose

  7. The Cycle for Glucose Homeostasis • Blood glucose level is LOW • Pancreas releases glucagon • Glucagon directs liver to convert glycogen into glucose • Blood glucose level increases • Blood glucose level becomes too HIGH • Pancreas releases insulin • Insulin directs liver to store glucose as glycogen • Blood glucose level decreases • Cycle repeats

  8. The Cycle

  9. What happens if this cycle gets messed up? • Diabetes mellitus • A condition of abnormally high blood glucose concentration

  10. Type I Diabetes • Juvenile-onset diabetes • Severe childhood disorder in which insulin-producing cells of pancreas die • Treated with daily injections of insulin

  11. Type II Diabetes • Adult-onset diabetes • Usually diagnosed after age 40 • More common and less severe • Caused by insufficient amounts of insulin • Hereditary, but its onset often correlates with obesity • Often controlled with diet & exercise

  12. Diabetes • In people w/ diabetes, too much glucose inhibits water reabsorption by the kidneys, producing large amounts of urine • Can result in kidney damage and dehydration

  13. Lack of insulin • Lack of insulin can cause: • Nausea & rapid breathing • Circulatory & nervous system failure • Urinary & Sexual Dysfunction • Diabetic coma • Death

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