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Artificial Vision

Artificial Vision. A vital component of transhumanism. Machinehead. Merger of human and machine Ray Kurzweil’s “The Singularity is Near”. Overview of retinal processing. Photoreceptor Rods (low light) and cones (color) Bipolar cells Ganglion cells

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Artificial Vision

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  1. Artificial Vision A vital component of transhumanism

  2. Machinehead • Merger of human and machine • Ray Kurzweil’s “The Singularity is Near”

  3. Overview of retinal processing • Photoreceptor • Rods (low light) and cones (color) • Bipolar cells • Ganglion cells • Axons form the optic nerve to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

  4. Motivations • Correcting disabilities • Macular Degeneration—removes ability to see in most sensitive area. • Retina Pigmentosa—diminished ability of photoreceptors. • Transhumanism • Our design is flawed. • Blind spot • Blinking

  5. Beyond the blind spot • Eventually plug in a video signal directly into brain • Already exists for cochlear implants—audio jack into transmitter • Steve Mann has demonstrated a wearable computer.

  6. Approaches • Eye • Subretinal (Optobionics) • Above retina (Humayan) • Visual cortex (stop after thalamus) • Doelle

  7. Optobionics • Implantable beneath retina to function as photoreceptors • 5000 receptors versus over 100 million in healthy eye • No need for batteries, powered by light coming into the eye

  8. Mark Humayun’s Retina • Implantable above ganglion cells • Powered and fed data wirelessly • Only 16 electrodes • Soon 1024 (32x32)

  9. William Dobelle’s brain implant • Activates electrodes on surface of visual cortex • Requires permanent skull interface

  10. Conclusions • Research is nascent. • Requires more research into signal processing from photoreceptors

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