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Ideology: definitions

Ideology: definitions Webster--3a “A systematic scheme or coordinated body of ideas or concepts esp. about human life or culture” Webster--3c(1) “The integrated assertions, theories, and aims that constitute a sociopolitical program.” Ozhegov--”A system of views and ideas, a worldview.”

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Ideology: definitions

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  1. Ideology: definitions • Webster--3a “A systematic scheme or coordinated body of ideas or concepts esp. about human life or culture” • Webster--3c(1) “The integrated assertions, theories, and aims that constitute a sociopolitical program.” • Ozhegov--”A system of views and ideas, a worldview.”

  2. Topics of Discussion • American ideology • Russian ideology • Soviet ideology: Marxism-Leninism • The Russian Revolutions

  3. American Ideology • Individual rights • Democracy: majority rule • Capitalism: profit

  4. Russian Ideology • Divine right: the tsar is the link between Russia and God • Russian Orthodoxy is the only true religion • All power flows downward from tsar to people: absolute monarchy • Russia’s great destiny depends on this divine link

  5. Individual Freedom Privacy Materialistic Pragmatic Inequality Collective Control Community Idealistic Ideological Equality Comparative Poles

  6. Soviet Ideology: Marxism • Communist Manifesto published by Marx and Engels, 1848 • Social injustice of capitalism • Exploitation of the proletariat: workers produce value • Bourgeois capitalists: own means of production but do no work • Workers of the world, unite!

  7. Marxist Premises • All history is the history of class struggles • Economic relations are the basis of all other social relationships • Class consciousness is determined • Religion is an “opiate”: atheism • Dialectical materialism

  8. Dialectical materialism • Hegel’s historical teleology + Darwin’s natural selection • Thesis--Antithesis--Synthesis • Quantitative change leads to qualitative change • Class struggle inevitably leads to revolutionary overthrow of capitalism • Withering away of the state

  9. Communist Party • Paris Commune: Revolution of 1848 • Vanguard of the proletariat • Elite, small group • Conscious, trained Marxists • Lead, educate illiterate workers, bring them to revolutionary consciousness

  10. Communist Platform • Abolition of land ownership • Heavy graduated income tax • Abolition of right of inheritance • Centralization of banking, communication, transportation • State control of more enterprises • Equal liability of all to work • Free public education for all children

  11. Soviet Ideology: Leninism • Social Democratic Party • Mensheviks (“minority”) • Orthodox Marxists • Russia must become industrialized, develop a proletariat • Then have revolution • Bolsheviks (“majority”): Lenin • Russia can skip stages • Go directly for revolution

  12. Russian Revolutions • 1905--January 9 (Bloody Sunday) • Major social upheavals • Russo-Japanese War • Creation of first Duma • February Revolution (bourgeois), 1917 • Abdication of the tsar (March) • Provisional Government (Kerensky) • Continued with war effort

  13. October Revolution • Lenin returns from exile in April, 1917 • April Theses: • Withdraw from war • Power to the soviets of workers and soldiers • Land to the peasants • Oct. 25 O.S.--Nov. 7 N.S. • Bolsheviks take power in Petrograd

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