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The Development of Russia

The Development of Russia. AP European History Ms. Tully. The Mongol Yoke and the Rise of Moscow. Mongols – nomadic tribe from present day Mongolia Used terror to reduce conquered peoples into submission Ruled eastern Slavs (Russians) for 200 years – Mongol Yoke

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The Development of Russia

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  1. The Development of Russia AP European History Ms. Tully

  2. The Mongol Yoke and the Rise of Moscow • Mongols – nomadic tribe from present day Mongolia • Used terror to reduce conquered peoples into submission • Ruled eastern Slavs (Russians) for 200 years – Mongol Yoke • The princes of Moscow served the Mongol invaders as officials • Ivan III (r. 1462-1505) declared independence from Mongols in 1480

  3. Moscow Princes = Autocrats– sole source of power (like khans) • Claimed political and religious inheritance of Byzantine Empire • Tsar contraction of Caesar • Orthodox Christianity • Religion source of nationalism and loyalty to the crown • Tsar’s ruled through collaboration with nobility (boyars) • Also created new nobility personally loyal to tsar – service nobility

  4. Tsar and People to 1689 • Ivan IV “the Terrible” (r. 1533-1584) • Fought wars against Mongols in east and Poland-Lithuanian in west • Launched a reign of terror against boyar nobility

  5. Increased pressure on the peasants to pay for his wars led to a breakdown of the Muscovite state after his death – Time of Troubles (1598-1613) • 1613 – Nobles elected Michael Romanov (grandnephew of Ivan the T) • Represented restoration of tsarist autocracy • Success of Romanovs in 17th century • Added Ukraine & Siberia to Russian territory • Growth of bureaucracy and army • Lots of natural resources from Siberia

  6. The Reforms of Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) • Sought to reform Russia to increase its military strength • Of 36 year reign, only one year was peaceful • Toured Western Europe • Impressed with Dutch and English • How could Russia profit from their example?

  7. Engaged Russia in the Great Northern War (1700-1721) with Sweden • Military reforms • Required nobles to serve in army or civil admin for life • Created Western-style schools to train technicians for army • Borrowed Western technology and hired Western advisers • Created permanent standing army • Increased taxes on peasantry threefold • Promoted Western culture in Russia

  8. The Growth of St. Petersburg • Greatest of Peter’s reforms – creation of St. Petersburg • Strategic military location near Baltic Sea

  9. Ordered Russians to build a Western and modern city • Broad, straight, stone-paved avenues • Conformity of architecture • Social groups sectioned off into different areas • Example of careful urban planning • Drafted thousands of peasants to build city • Desertion, death • St. Petersburg proclaimed power of Russia’s rulers and the creative potential of absolutist state

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