SS4E1:

1. SS4E1: The students will give examples of technological advancements and their impact on business productivity during the development of the United States.

2. SS4G1:The students will be able to locate important physical and man-made features of the United States.

3. Essential Question: • What was the Industrial Revolution?

4. Vocabulary: • textile: Cloth or fabric interchangeable parts: parts made by a machine to be exactly the same size and shape mass productivity: making many products at one time productivity: the amount of goods and services made by a worker in a certain amount of time. entrepreneur: a person who takes risks to start a new business

5. Industrial Revolution New Inventions New Transportation New Ways of Life

6. New Inventions brought changes to manufacturing. • In the 1700s most people were farmers. • Cloth, tools, and furniture were made by hand. • In the early 1800s, people began to make things in factories. New forms of transportation and machines moved people and goods faster. • These changes in transportation and manufacturing are called the Industrial Revolution.

7. Industrial Revolutioin • The Industrial Revolution began when British inventors created machines for their textile industry. • In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cottongin. It cleaned cotton quickly and cotton became America’s biggest export.

8. Eli Whitney • After inventing the cotton gin, Eli Whitney was hired by the government to make 10,000 guns. Whitney used interchangeable parts to make guns quickly and at less cost.

9. Mass Production • Whitney used a system of massproduction to make the guns. • Manufacturers used interchangeable parts and mass production to make many types of tools and machines. • The nation’s productivity increased.

10. Machines Bring Big Change • The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked in mills and on farms. • Entrepreneurs used machines to change how people work. • Francis Lowell built a mill that turned cotton into cloth. Many people began to work in factories.

11. Industry and the Economy • During the Industrial Revolution, northern mills used more and more southern cotton. • As the North industrialized, the South became more agricultural. Cotton growers used more enslaved people to produce greater amounts of cotton.

12. Transportation Changes • As more people traveled west, the government began to build paved roads. • People built towns and opened businesses. • In 1811, the government began building the National Road that connected Ohio toMaryland. It became the most heavily traveled road in the United States.

13. Steamboats • Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could travel without wind or currents. • The paddlewheel powered it against the flow of water. • Soon, many other steamboats were invented.

14. Canals • Canals were faster and cheaper ways to ship goods. • In 1825, the ErieCanal opened. It connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie. • By 1840, more than 3000 canals had been built across the eastern part of the nation.

15. Railroads • Steam locomotive trains were even faster than steamboats. • Trips that took 32 hours by steamboat only took 10 hours by train. • By 1850, there were more than 9,000 miles of railroad tracks. • Factories and farmers sent their goods faster to places all over the country!

16. Essential Question: • What was the Industrial Revolution?

17. The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked and the goods that were produced in the United States. • The Industrial Revolution came to the United States in the late 1700s. • New inventions increased productivity and changed the way people worked in factories and on farms. • New roads, canals, steamboats, and steam locomotives made travel and shipping cheaper and faster.