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Thermal Energy from the Sun

Thermal Energy from the Sun. A. Energy from the Sun. 1. Energy from the sun reaches the Earth through the process of radiation. 2. Radiation is the transfer of energy. 3. Not all of the sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface. B. What happens to the sun’s energy when it reaches Earth?.

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Thermal Energy from the Sun

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  1. Thermal Energy from the Sun

  2. A. Energy from the Sun • 1. Energy from the sun reaches the Earth through the process of radiation. • 2. Radiation is the transfer of energy. • 3. Not all of the sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface.

  3. B. What happens to the sun’s energy when it reaches Earth? • 1. The Earth’s surface only receives and absorbs about 50% of incoming solar radiation. • 2. Reflection: Clouds and other particles in the atmosphere reflect about 25% of the sun’s radiation. • 3. Absorption: Gas and particles in the atmosphere absorb 20% of incoming radiation. • 4. Snow covered, icy or rocky surfaces also reflect about 5% of incoming radiation.

  4. C. Thermal Energy Transfer • 1. Heat is thermal energy. • 2. Thermal energy transfer occurs through radiation, conduction and convection. • 3. All 3 of these occur in the atmosphere.

  5. D. Radiation • 1. Radiation is the process that transfers energy from the sun. • 2. Example: heat coming from a heat source- The fire is radiating heat. • 3. Heat radiates from the Sun.

  6. E. Conduction • 1. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles of matter. • 2. Example: Energy is transferred from a hot pot on the stove when you touch it. Direct Contact • 3. Conduction occurs where the atmosphere touches the Earth.

  7. F. Convection • 1. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles within matter. • 2. Example: boiling water circulates and steam rises. • 3. Remember convection currents- movement of molten rock in the mantle. Convection in the atmosphere, warm air rises, cools and sinks back down.

  8. G. Circulating Air and Air Movement • 1. Energy is transferred through the atmosphere through convection. • 2. The differences in air temperature create a difference in air pressure. • 3. Warm air is less dense, cool air is more dense. • 4. Warm air rises and cool air sinks. Remember the convection lab. Hot magma rises to the surface, cools and sinks back down, over and over. • The movement and circulation of the air affects weather and climate around the world.

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