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Wireless Markup Language

Wireless Markup Language. Submitted by:- Amanat Dabla 6308202,C1 IT ,final yr. Neeru 6308851,C1 IT ,final yr. WML : WIRELESS MARKUP LANGUAGE. XML based Language Emphasis, Alignment, Tables Buttons (Navigation mechanisms) Actions Variables Script

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Wireless Markup Language

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  1. Wireless Markup Language Submitted by:- AmanatDabla 6308202,C1 IT ,final yr. Neeru 6308851,C1 IT ,final yr.

  2. WML : WIRELESS MARKUP LANGUAGE • XML based Language • Emphasis, Alignment, Tables • Buttons (Navigation mechanisms) • Actions • Variables • Script • Images - WBMP & local & alternate text

  3. INTRODUCTION TO WAP • WAP is a collection of protocols aimed at providing a captive, restricted form of WEB for mobile phones and other devices such as Palms. • The wireless application protocol itself is a series of lower layer protocols that replace the TCP/IP layer and some of HTTP layer to better suit the wireless transport characteristics. • The WAP devices, such as phones, include a micro-browser that has both more and less functions than a WEB browser. On the content side WEB servers are standard, perhaps needing only the addition of a MIME type for WML. There is a WAP specific work done in the gateway. • The content is not provided in HTML, but in a specific Wireless Markup Language - WML. Because of the very limited screen real estate, instead of pages, the content is a ‘card’ which is much smaller, but are actually delivered in small decks of related cards.

  4. WAP (WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL) Deck WML Content HTTP Server Browser WEB WAP Gateway WAP IP

  5. GATEWAY • Identity • Compilation • Size restriction • Speed • Limit of size of the WEB accessible Captive WEB gateway Compress+Security cookies wireless

  6. INTRODUCTION TO WAP PROTOCOL STACK • The WAP Forum group have reinvented many of the protocol layers to be more efficient and applicable to the limited capabilities of the WAP devices like phones and data quality of the link. In some cases within the stack they have reused existing standards. • Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP): Moves single packets to and from the phone. This is the lowest level layer defined by WAP. It is implemented on whatever suitable mechanism is available on the underlying network. For TCP/IP networks, it maps directly to UDP packets. • Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP): Implements a single request-response pair between phone and gateway. The request may be for a new page, or it may be something related to the higher level protocols. • Wireless Session Protocol (WSP): Takes care of handling actual requests for pages. Sessions are used to optimise bandwidth usage. • WBCF: Is the compiled form of the WML and WMLScript.

  7. WAP Protocol Stack HTML Wireless Markup Language WAP Binary XML Content Format HTTP Wireless Session Protocol (incl. HTTP1.1) Wireless Transaction Protocol TCP Wireless Transport Layer Security Wireless Datagram Protocol (or UDP) IP Bearers - CDMA,SMS

  8. WAP ARCHITECTURE & STACK Micro Browser (WML, WMLScript, WTA, WTAI) • Runs on top of WDP • Provided lightweight X-oriented service • Unreliable 1-way request • Reliable 1-way/2-way req./response Lightweight SSL Uses WIM/PKI-Cards Datagram service on different bearers Convergence between bearer services Different Wireless Tech.

  9. WAP MICROBROWSERS • Optimized for wireless devices. • Minimal RAM, ROM, Display, CPU and keys. • Provides consistent service UI across devices. • Provides Internet compatibility. • Enables wide array of available content and applications. • Opera browser , Palmscape , Microsoft explorer 2.0 .

  10. Form processing • <wml> • <card id="login" title="login"> • <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> • <do type="accept" label="outbox" optional="false"> <go href="#outbox"/> </do> • <p><imglocalsrc="outbox"src="" alt=""/> • To:<input name="email"emptyok="false" maxlength="128" format="*a\@*a"/><br/> • Password: <input name="pwd" type="password" maxlength="32" format="*N"/></p></card> • <card id="outbox" title="Outbox" ontimer="#send"> • <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> • <timer name="thinktime" value="100"/> • <do type="accept" label="send"><go href="#send"/> </do> • <p>Send '$(pwd)' to $(email)?</p></card> • <card id="send"> • <onevent type="onenterforward"> • <go href="http://mango/cgi-bin/wap-send-email.sh?$(email)"/></onevent> • <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> • <p>Failed to send to $(email).</p></card> • </wml>

  11. XSL Processor WML Stylesheet HTML StyleSheet HTTP Browser WML Browsers WML : WIRELESS MARKUP LANGUAGE Content (XML) • Tag-based browsing language: • Screen management (text, images) • Data input (text, selection lists, etc.) • Hyperlinks & navigation support • Takes into account limited display, navigation capabilities of devices • XML-based language • describes only intent of interaction in an abstract manner • presentation depends upon device capabilities • Cards and Decks • document consists of many cards • User interactions are split into cards • Explicit navigation between cards • cards are grouped to decks • deck is similar to HTML page, unit of content transmission • Events, variables and state mgmt

  12. <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE WML PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.0//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml.xml"> <WML> ... </WML> WML • The basic unit is a card. Cards are grouped together into Decks Document ~ Deck (unit of transfer) • All decks must contain • Document prologue • XML & document type declaration • <WML> element • Must contain one or more cards WML File Structure

  13. FEATURES • Setting card styles to create forms • Using variables to cache user data • Using card intrinsic events to trigger transparent tasks • Using timers • Securing WML decks • Bookmarking decks

  14. LIMITATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY • Screen size, resolution, colour • Input devices • Bandwidth • Deck size

  15. FUTURE • More bandwidth (3G wireless)- • GPRS - General Packet Radio Service • UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecom System • User Agent Profiles • Security • Location determination • Local services/always on

  16. REFERENCES • Books • Mobile communications: Jochen Schiller, Addison Wesley 2000 • Understanding WAP: • Official Website (specifications) • www.wapforum.org • Technical/Developer Info and tools • www.palopt.com.au/wap • www.wap.net • Major players • www.nokia.com/wap • www.ericsson.se/wap • phone.com • OpenSource effort • www.wapgateway.org (Kannel WAP gateway project)

  17. INFOSYS • INFOSYS Pvt. Limited and N.R. Narayana Murthy • Vision And Mission :  Infosys Technologies Limited 2004 Vision And Mission Vision “To be a globally respected corporation that provides best-of-breed business solutions, leveraging technology, delivered by best-in-class people." Mission “"To achieve our objectives in an environment of fairness, honesty, and courtesy towards our clients, employees, vendors and society at large." • Introduction to Infosys :  Infosys Technologies Limited 2004 Introduction to Infosys Infosys Technologies Ltd. was started in 1981. Today, it is a global leader in the "next generation" of IT and consulting. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology-enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies win in a Flat World. Infosys serves the client globally and is one of the pioneers in strategic offshore outsourcing of software services • Key Success Factors :  Infosys Technologies Limited 2004 Key Success Factors Sound Management Skills Nurturing Working Atmosphere Commitment To Values, Speed ,Imagination and Excellence Personnel Management Infrastructure

  18. THANK YOU

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