Renaissance and Reformation

1. Renaissance and Reformation Chapter 12

2. Renaissance & Reformation 1350 to 1600 This was a time period of great achievement and discovery. • Exploration • Printing press • Religious reform • Literacy

3. Renaissance Rebirth – meaning of renaissance Rebirth of the old Roman and Greek worlds. This is a time period which began in Italy and soon spread throughout Europe

4. RenaissanceCharacteristics • Renaissance was largely an urban society. City-states became the center of politics, economics, and social life. As wealth accumulated in these urban societies, it became apparent that enjoyment of materialistic things were the focal point

5. RenaissanceCharacteristics • It was an age of recovery from: • The plague • Political instability • Decline in church power • Many reverted back to ancient thinking and philosophies • This revival affected both politics and art

6. RenaissanceCharacteristics • New view of human beings emerged as people recognized individual abilities • Leonardo da Vinci- was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and mathematician • Well-rounded individual was very capable of achievements in many areas

7. Protestant Reformation This is the name given to the religious movement that divided the western church into Catholic and Protestant groups. The reform started with: • Changes to individual thought • Christian humanism • Eramus

8. Protestant Reformation Christian Humanists believed in the ability of the human being to reason and improve themselves Eramus, “philosophy of Christ”. Meaning that Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis. He stressed inwardness of religion

9. Protestant Reformation Eramusdid not want to split the Catholic church but to reform the ideology. His idea of religion did pave the way for future reformation

10. Protestant Reformation Corruption in the church began the reformation. The congregation felt as though the Pope failed to meet the obligation of a spiritual leader. The leaders of the Papal States had become more involved in political battles than spiritual matters

11. Protestant Reformation An example of this was: Pope Julius II led an army against enemies and that disgusted many Christian followers. Many of the church leaders were more concerned with money and the use of the church offices to advance their careers and wealth.

12. Protestant Reformation Ordinary people desired for meaningful religious expression and assurance of their salvation. Many to obtain salvation, the church collected relics. Indulgence release for all or part of the punishment for sin. The church sold indulgence for reducing time in purgatory

13. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther He was a monk that studied the Bible at the University of Wittenberg in Germany. His belief was that people could be saved through both their faith and good works’. He also believed that “being made right before God” would earn that person salvation This teaching would later lead to the Protestant Reformation

14. Protestant Reformation Luther did not like the idea of selling indulgence He became so upset by this practice that he sent a list to the church. 95 Theses was nailed on the church door. It targeted the selling of indulgences The archbishop of the church down played the list as a “drunken German who will amend his ways when he sobers up”

15. Break with the Church By 1520, Luther called for the German princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany. He also attacked the sacraments of the Catholic church Two sacraments were kept: • Communion • Baptism

16. Break with the Church He also called for the clergy to marry. All of these changes were unacceptable and Luther was removed from the church. Luther was sentenced to death and all his literature was to be destroyed. Fredrick was unwilling to see him put to death and sent him into hiding and protected him when he returned to Wittenburg in 1522

17. Rise of Lutheranism Over the next few years, Luther gained support for the revolution. Luther set up religious services to replace Catholic mass. Luther became Lutheranism and later became the first Protestant faith

18. The Spread of Protestantism & the Catholic Response John Calvin lead the charge after his conversion to Protestantism. His doctrines were very similar to that of Luther. However, he placed an important emphasis on Predesination.

19. Calvinism Predestination meant that God had predetermined who would be saved and who would not. This meant that all people who believed were doing God’s work on earth.

20. Calvinism Calvin set a Church- Government in a town called Geneva. The Consistory was a body of people to enforce the moral discipline • Right to punish those not believing • Punishments for dancing, obscene language, and drunkenness

21. Calvinism By Calvin set up this city, made Geneva a powerful center for Protestantism. This belief soon replaced Lutheranism as the most important and dynamic form of Protestantism.

22. The reformation in england In England, it was much different. King Henry VIII was married to Catherine and they had a daughter, Mary. He wanted a son to take over the throne.

23. The reformation in england King Henry wanted a divorce. But the Catholic religion would not allow that. Henry, using his power, went to the head of the church and convinced him to grant an annulment. He married Anne Boleyn and she was crowned queen. They had a girl, Elizabeth