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Assistive Technology: Tools for the OT Toolbox

Assistive Technology: Tools for the OT Toolbox. Karen Dishman, OTR. Why Assistive Technology is Occupational Therapy? Definition of Occupational Therapy:

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Assistive Technology: Tools for the OT Toolbox

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  1. Assistive Technology:Tools for the OT Toolbox Karen Dishman, OTR

  2. Why Assistive Technology is Occupational Therapy? • Definition of Occupational Therapy: • OTs help people across the lifespan participate in the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities (occupations). • Definition of Assistive Technology: • AT is any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially or off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. • Hmmmmmm……….

  3. AT “Tools for Occupational Therapy” • Technology is a valuable tool for occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants to use in assisting individuals with moving toward their highest level of independence and with the process of adaptation to disability. • As occupational therapists, we can make an important difference. AT is an area in which we have the potential to be experts. • Occupational therapists are the natural professionals to become heavily involved in supporting AT. Our training focuses on modifying activities and recommending adaptive equipment to help our clients to perform valued activities as independently as possible.

  4. Assistive Technology in the Schools For children with disabilities in public school classrooms, assistive technologies are tools to extend their physical, social and communicative abilities. They also provide the means for academic and cooperative inclusion. AT is anything that makes "it" easier for a student to... Write Communicate Physical Adaptations Read & Learn Computer Access Organize

  5. In the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation, we have an assistive technology team! Our Team includes a assistive technology coordinator (special education teacher), occupational therapist, physical therapist, psychologist and speech language pathologist.

  6. Assistive technology teams provide • Assistive Technology/Augmentative Communication assessments and/or consultations. • Borrow equipment for trial and data collection • Provide training on the operation and application of the assistive technology to school staff and families. • Maintain devices and equipment • Provide equipment per IEP team recommendation • Collaborate with other IEP team members on how assistive technology can be used to support curriculum and instruction

  7. Resources for AT Teams • http://atto.buffalo.edu/index.php - Resource through the • University at Buffalo for assistive technology teams • http://edsrc.coe.uky.edu/www/ukatii/ - Resource through the University of Kentucky that provides methods and data collection for teams • http://www.wati.org/?pageLoad=content/supports/free/index.php- Resource through the Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative (WATI) with a full manual. assessments and data collection for AT teams • http://www.bvsd.org/assistivetechnology/Pages/Assistive%20Technology%20Main%20Page.aspx – Resource through Boulder Valley School District in Colorado with explanations of an AT team, books, articles, assessments and data collection forms

  8. The Rehabilitation, Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) furthers the field of assistive technology by offering certification, continuing education and professional development. • The RESNA certification exam for Assistive Technology Professional (ATP) • Covers the following practice areas: • Seating and Mobility • Augmentative & Alternative Communication • Computer Access • EADLS (Environmental Control) • Technology for Sensory Impairment • Recreation • Environmental Modification • Accessible Transportation • Technology for Learning Disabilities

  9. Framework for Assistive Technology Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) Model Four Components 2. Activity 1. Human 3. Assistive Technology 4. Context

  10. 1. Human • Physical: Strength, Range of Motion, Coordination, Balance, etc. • Cognitive: Attention, Judgment, Problem Solving, Concentration and Alertness • Emotional Aspects: Motivation, Self-Efficacy and Perception

  11. 2. Activity The process of doing something! Activities of Daily Living 2. Productivity and Work 3. Play and Leisure

  12. 3. Assistive Technology Human/technology interface Represents the boundary between human and assistive technology Processor Translates information and forces received from the human into signals that are used to control the activity output The processor links the human-technology interface and the activity output

  13. 4. Contexts the setting that the human carries out the activity in Social Physical Cultural Institutional

  14. Seating & Mobility Seating & Positioning is one of the most important factors to consider for a client to use AT In her presentation, Providing Access to Students Challenged with High Tone,Karen Kangas lists the following: New Paradigms We Need to Embrace Seating must allow for task participation and performance Seating must provide pelvic weight bearing for visual convergence Seating must be situationally specific, and task specific and change For hands to work, heads must work, for heads to work, the pelvis must be weight bearing

  15. Seating Needs • Postural Control • Stability- allows an individual to maintain upright seated • Mobility- allows movement that enables function • Most important principle is that proximal stabilization, near the center of the body, facilitates movement and control of the head and extremities.

  16. 2. Tissue Integrity Most important is to manage sitting pressure and maintain the skin in a healthy condition to prevent pressure ulcers.

  17. 3. Comfort • Three distinct populations can benefit from these seating technologies: • Wheelchair users who have sitting discomfort and pain (postpoliosyndrom, ALS, MS) • Elderly • Individuals with low back pain, which can keep them from effectively performing their jobs

  18. Resources for Seating & Mobility http://www.rifton.com/products/sitting/activitychair/ http://www.wati.org/content/supports/free/pdf/Ch2-PositioningSeatingMobility.pdf http://www.ambucs.com/amtryke/ http://www.rifton.com/products/transfer/tram/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLwIP8cBaWA (Ergonomics video) http://www.usatechguide.org/links.php?catid=82 (wheelchair reviews and links for used equipment)

  19. Augmentative & Alternative Communication Everyone can have a voice! Silly therapists, AAC is not just for kids!

  20. AAC No-Tech AAC systems gestures, facial expressions, and body movements, formal signing systems (ASL) 2. Low-Tech AAC communication simple board, Picture Exchange Communication (PECS), visual schedules, choice boards, token boards 3. High-Tech AAC Speech Generating Devices (SGD) such as keyboards, switches, joysticks, pointing interfaces, computers, iPads, iPods

  21. AAC Resources http://www.adaptedstories.com/stories/index.cfm?session_id=CCF0974B-3048-B8B4-60A7FCD91B2EB49C&loaded=1 (AAC handouts) http://www.handsinautism.org/tools.html (visual schedules and visual tools) http://www.everymovecounts.net/ (sensory based communication teaching) http://www.aacinstitute.org/ (AAC resources) http://apps4stages.wikispaces.com/ (Stages of switch use and communication) www.boardmarkershare.com (boardmaker projects already completed)

  22. Computer Access Involves the human-technology interface Control Interface hardware by which human in the AT system operates or controls a device (input device) Selection Set items available from which choices are made Selection Method Direct Selection: able to use the control interface to randomly choose any of the items (typing) Indirect Selection: intermediate steps are involved in making a selection (scanning)

  23. Computer Access Resources http://apps4stages.wikispaces.com/ (stages for switch use) http://www.helpkidzlearn.com/games (online switch games) http://www.inclusive.co.uk/software (products and software) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/typing/ (fun online typing program) http://www.shinylearning.co.uk/freegames/index.shtml (online switch games) **Accessibility options for computer**

  24. EADLS (environmental control) • Low-Tech Aids for Manipulation • General purpose aids- mouthsticks, head pointers, reachers • Special purpose aids- lengthening a handle or reducing reach required, modifying handle of utencil, converting two-handed tasks to one-handed, amplifying the force a consumer can generate with hands

  25. Special Purpose EADLS • Electromechanical Aids • Electrically powered feeders • Electrically powered page turners

  26. Electronic Aids to Daily Living • Unit that control multiple items in the environment such as lights, telephone, TV and computer

  27. EADL Resources

  28. Technology for Sensory Impairment • Vision Aids • Reading • magnification aids (optical, non-optical and electronic) • Access to visual computer displays for low vision (screen magnification, accessibility options built into computer) • Devices for automatic reading of text (camera , scanner based and Optional Character Recognition “OCR” converts from scan to speech or braille) • Braille (refreshable braille displays with raised pins, embossed braille print, portable braille note takers) • Access to visual computer displays for blind (Screen Readers both universal built in and commercially available)

  29. Mobility for Vision Impairment • Canes • Guide dogs • Electronic travel aids (ETA) – additions to cane of auditory tones and vibration • Navigation guides (GPS)

  30. Vision Aid Resources • http://www.w3.org/WAI/gettingstarted/ • (web accessibility help) • www.trace.wisc.edu/world/web • (web accessibility help) • http://www.afb.org/default.aspx • (Resources) • http://www.familyconnect.org/parentsitehome.asp • (Family resources) • http://www.visionaware.org/ • (Resources)

  31. Sensory Aids for Auditory Impairment • Hearing Aids • Air conduction- deliver output into listener’s ear canal • Bone conduction- inputs are converted to mechanical vibrations that shake the skull • Cochlear Implants- if there is damage to the cochlea of the inner ear, an auditory prosthesis can provide some sound perception • FM systems- used for group settings with microphone for teacher and receiver

  32. 2. Visual Substitution • Teletype devices (TTY) – telephone aid that displays words person is saying **Now, we can just use texting** • Visual telephones– video calling • Alerting devices with flashing light or vibration for smoke alarms, telephones, doorbells and child’s cry • Closed-captioned television and movies (CCTV)

  33. Technology for Cognitive Disabilities • General Memory Aids • Recording • Word completion/prediction • Information retrieval

  34. Memory Aids Prompting/Cueing/Coaching • Medication boxes • Fall alarms • GPS watch • Smart house (monitoring , communication, household functions, physiological measurements and medication alerts.

  35. Memory Aids Time Management • Electronic schedules (watch or visual display) • Visual schedules (written, picture) • Computer or internet based schedule • Alarm clocks and watches

  36. Technology for Cognitive Disabilities • Concept Organization and Decision Making • Organization strategies and software (Inspiration graphic organizer, Wonkido online visual organizer) • Alternative Input and Output (voice recognition, word prediction, text to speech)

  37. Cognitive Technology Resources • http://www.intellitools.com/default.html?utm_source=INT&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=teacher_spotlight_4_16_2012 • (products– Kurzweill) • http://polk-fl-net.campuspack.net/Groups/PDS-13648/Course_Wiki/SMART_Resources • (well organized teacher resources) • http://www.bvsd.org/assistivetechnology/Pages/AssistiveTechnologyInformation-Literacy.aspx • (lots of software and online information) • http://udltechtoolkit.wikispaces.com/ • (Resources) • http://www.schoolbehavior.com/disorders/executive-dysfunction/ • (executive dysfunction) • http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/tools/software-assistive-technology • (Resources) • www.wonkidoorganizer.com • (visual calendar and online organizer)

  38. iPad App Resources • http://www.appitic.com/ • http://www.appymall.com/ • http://bridgingapps.org/ • (apps and disabilities) • http://www.buildingblocksmedia.com/Apps/MusicalPaint/ • http://cardonadesigns.com/wordpress/2010/04/08/text-to-speech-on-the-ipad/ • (text to speech and ibooks article) • http://assistivetechnj.blogspot.com/2011/12/app-attack-switch-accessible-apps.html • (switch accessible apps)

  39. Other Favorite Resources • www.patinsproject.com • http://www.eastersealstech.com/ • (Indy Easter Seals site) • http://nolimitstolearning.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-adapted-stylus-which-one-would-you.html • (AT blog) • http://www.rehabtool.com/links.html • (comparing products) • http://www.katsnet.org/services/reutilization/atex/atex_list.html#daily • (Used technology for sale) • http://www.atxchange.org/v3/items_available.php?category=10 • (Used technology for sale) • http://www.iod.unh.edu/PriorityAreas/assistivetechnology/default.aspx • (making AT) • http://www.yourtherapysource.com/ • (lots of OT ebooks) • http://www.ot-mom-learning-activities.com/shoulder-exercises-for-kids.html • (lots of OT ideas)

  40. Presentation Resources http://www.aota.org/Pubs/OTP/1997-2007/Features/2003/f-011803.aspx https://www.disability.gov/home/i_want_to/assistive_technology/assistive_technology_in_schools http://atto.buffalo.edu/registered/ATBasics/Foundation/intro/introdefine.php http://www.aota.org/Consumers.aspx http://www.sandi.net/page/819 Cook & Hussey’s Assistive Technologies: Principles and Practice, by Albert M. Cook and Jan Miller Polgar; third edition

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