Foreign Policy After the Cold War

1. Foreign Policy After the Cold War U.S. History 11

2. Latin America • Late 1980’s and early 90’s resulted in wave of democracy in Latin America • i.e.- Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Chile • However, the “war on drugs” had been going on since the Nixon administration and was not improving • Latin American racketeers supplied a significant amount of the illegal drugs that were in the U.S. • Implemented the “Just Say No” Campaign

3. Latin America • 1989- Bush sent 12,000 troops to invade Panama and arrest their dictator Manuel Noriega • Convicted of several charges of drug trafficking • 40 years in prison

4. China • 1989- Tiananmen Square Protests- Chinese students protesting for democracy in Beijing • Americans hoped this would result in the fall of communism in China • But troops and tanks were brought in resulting in the deaths and imprisonment of hundreds of protestors • Bush suspended arms sales; but remained engaged economically and diplomatically with China

6. South Africa • Long held system of apartheid • Nelson Mandela had been imprisoned since 1962 • Late 80’s anti-apartheid protests grew • Many U.S. firms withdrew investments in South Africa • Congress imposed sanctions • Bush and Mandela met in 1990, after Mandela's release • Apartheid began to fall, Mandela elected as South African President in 1994

8. Ordinary Love- U2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC3ahd6Di3M

9. Peacekeeping • After fall of USSR in 1991, Yugoslavia fell into civil war • Bush chose not to send troops, avoiding another Vietnam • 1992- Bush backs the UN plan to restore peace in Bosnia (a republic carved out of Yugoslavia) • By then, more than 150,000 civilians had died

10. Peacekeeping • Operation Restore Hope- in Somalia in December 1992 • U.S. Marines came to establish a cease-fire between rival warlords • Wanted to deliver food to the starving people • Intervention in Somalia largely received positive feedback • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qe9xbgtige0

11. Persian Gulf War • Biggest foreign policy challenge faced by Bush admin • August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait • 150,000 Iraqi troops quickly overran Kuwaiti forces • Saddam Hussein sought to take over Kuwait’s rich oil deposits • Controlling nearly 20% of the world’s oil production

13. Persian Gulf War • U.S. intervened to prevent Hussein from gaining more power and going after oil in Saudi Arabia • Backed by the UN, formed an international coalition demanding that Iraqi troops withdraw

14. Persian Gulf War • America, Britain, France, Egypt, Japan, and Saudi Arabia contributed to the troop build up in Saudi Arabia by late fall of 1990 • Also placed economic sanctions on Iraq • Operation Desert Storm • American-led attack on Iraqi forces in January 1991 • 5 weeks of aerial bombardment • February 23- coalition troops stormed Kuwait

16. Persian Gulf War • Operation Desert Storm (cont.) • Iraqi troops were outmatched and surrendered or fled • But set fire to Kuwait’s oil rigs • Iraq agreed to a cease-fire after less than 5 days of ground war • Bush said, “we’ve kicked the Vietnam syndrome once and for all” • Hussein backed off, but remained in power until 2003

18. Protest songs of the 80’s/90’s • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4RjJKxsamQ • Winds of Change- Scorpions • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otdHbA4GlSI • Crazy Train- OzzyOsbourne • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Kcy-W1NNlU • Leningrad- Billy Joel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CdKVX45wYeQ • Looking for Freedom- David Hasselhoff