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History of Geography

History of Geography. Unit One. 4 Traditions of Geography. Developed by William Pattison Earth Science Tradition – physical geography, Earth’s features Locational Tradition – making maps Cultural Environment Tradition – describing people and how they live Area-Analysis Tradition.

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History of Geography

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  1. History of Geography Unit One

  2. 4 Traditions of Geography Developed by William Pattison • Earth Science Tradition – physical geography, Earth’s features • Locational Tradition – making maps • Cultural Environment Tradition – describing people and how they live • Area-Analysis Tradition

  3. Why did people study geography? • Evolved over the last 5,000 years of human civilization • Practical reasons: trade routes to distant and dangerous lands • Phoenicians – sea faring culture, colonized the Mediterranean, travelled into the Atlantic • Modern alphabet comes from Phoenicians

  4. Greek geographers • Eratosthenes (Ἐρατοσθένης) 276BC-195BC • Chief librarian at Alexandria, Egypt • Accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth, invented the term “geography” • Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος) AD90-168 • Guide to Geography • Used a global grid system similar to latitude and longitude

  5. Eratosthenes Map of the World

  6. Ptolemy’s Map of the World

  7. Age of Exploration • Little advance in geography was made until 1400 - (European Dark Ages AD 500 – 1000) • Explorations by Chinese, Muslims and Europeans expanded human knowledge of the world

  8. Zheng He • Chinese explorer/trader in early 1400s • Indian Ocean, east coast of Africa

  9. China’s 1418 World Map?

  10. European Explorers • Bartholomeu Dias – Tip of Africa, entered Indian Ocean • Da Gama – sailed all the way to India, opened trade routes for Portugal

  11. Christopher Columbus – discovered the Caribbean while trying to get to India

  12. Magellan – first voyage to circumnavigate the Earth

  13. 1507 Map of the World

  14. 16th Century Map of Americas

  15. Is geography still important? • The whole world has been mapped and discovered • Google Earth • Geography now focuses on the five themes – discovering patterns, looking at changes in places and people

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