Road Transport Safety PDO Managers, CH & Supervisors know and follow

1. Road Transport Safety PDO Managers, CH & Supervisors know and follow the RTS rules and specifications December 2001

2. Purpose of this session: “Driving is our biggest hazard in PDO, as evident by the spate of recent RTA's - some of them with tragic consequences. After this session and the short time required to cascade it down the organisation, I am not prepared to accept any more the explanation that PDO's Road Transport Safety and Journey Management rules have not been applied because PDO Managers, Department Heads or Contract Holders are not familiar with them.” Steve Ollerearnshaw PDO MD 28/Nov/2001

3. PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance 19981999 2000 Millions km driven 149 116 118 Road Accidents 231 144 158 Rollovers 51 32 43 Dead 8 0 10 2001:8Dead 1Permanent Disability? Road Safety: 40% of the LTI’s 90% of the Fatalities

4. Contents of this briefing pack: Introduction Road Transport Safety Specifications: • the Driver: Rules for the driver DDC • the Journey/Driving: Rules for driving Work/Non-Work Safe Journey Management Night driving • the Vehicle: Specifications Speed-limiters RAS RSMT

5. Introduction

6. There is no magic bullet in the combat against road accidents. Dick Twilhaar SPE article 6/2000 But: • having good rules and specifications • knowing them • and following them is an absolutely essential weapon. Compliance !

7. Rules not followed Rules not followed: - PDO staff fly to interior- JM for trips >20 km- Speed-limit 100 km/hrUsed 4WD private car: NO roll-bar Straight blacktop Fahud-Nahada 30/Oct LTI Permanent Total Disability ?? Rollover !!

8. Rules not followed Rules not followed: - Night driving- JM for trips >20 km- Speed limit?9/Nov: LTI Straight Blacktop near Fahud: NIGHT Rollover !!

9. Rules not followed Blacktop road Fahud- Nizwa Rules not followed: - JM for trips >20 km- Speed limit - RAS inspection- No PDO driving permit20/Nov: Fatality + LTI Rollover !!

10. The Rules where are they specified? Current Road Transport Safety rules/specifications: • HSE-SM Chapter 5: Road Transport Safety (rev 2: Oct/96) • Add Nov 2000: Night Driving, 2WD LCOG on graded • Add Jun 2001: DDC, 21 yr, LV/HGV, Graded/Blacktop, Airbags/ABS • TSM: Transport Standards Manual (rev: Jan/00) All above replaced by as of Jan/2002: • SP-2000 “HSE Specification - Road Transport” • Driver requirements • Driving and journey requirements • Vehicle requirements

11. It is “on the web” Where to find “Drive to Survive” Information on the web

12. The Driver

13. The Rules Rules for the driver. The driver shall: • ensure all wear seatbelt • be 21 years of age Minimum • hold a Driving License valid with ROP • hold a valid PDO Driving Permit (see details) • not be under influence of alcohol/drugs • not use a GSM (NOT even hands-off GSM) • be rested: max driving hours • LV: 2hrs/15min rest Max 12 shift - 10 hrs driving • HGV: 4hrs/1hr rest Max 12 shift - 10 hrs driving • Professional: certified medically fit every 2 yrs

14. Defensive Driving Courses & Permits

15. Defensive Driving COURSE AIM: To prevent death, injury and damage resulting from road traffic incidents

16. Defensive Driving Defensive Driving Courses / PDO Permit Frameworkas of 01/July/2001: courses by OTI, NTI, TATI & STS DDC-2 Defensive Driving Heavy Vehicle Blacktop Roads2 days (one off) DDC-1 Defensive DrivingLight Vehicle Blacktop Roads2 days (one off) DDC-5Bus1/2 day(one off) DDC-3Graded1/2 day(one off) DDC-4Tanker1/2 day(one off) + Yearly (DDC-6): Professional Assessment Drive2 hrs Incl. test on knowledge of PDO-Rules

17. Defensive Driving • Who: Anyone who drives a vehicle on PDO business Also for Blacktop as of 01/July/2002 (= NEW!!) • What Course:Where: • DDC01 - Light Vehicle Blacktop Muscat • DDC02 - Heavy Vehicle Blacktop Muscat • DDC03 - Light & Heavy Graded Road Fahud/Nimr • DDC04 - Bulk Tanker Driver Coast/Interior • DDC05 - Bus Driver Coast/Interior • DDC06 - Annual Refresher Coast/Interior

18. Defensive Driving Q. Why two days for DDC01 & 02? A. The course aims to influence driver attitude and behaviour through a combination of classroom based tutorials and in-car practical experience with a professional Driving Instructor. This can NOT be achieved in 1 day. Note: The course is once-off. There is no 3-yearly refresher but an annual assessment drive taking approximately 2 hrs. Q. Why are DDC01 & 02 only available in Muscat? A. It is only in the Capital Area that traffic conditions allow real experience of applying defensive driving techniques. This maximises the learning value for the participants.

19. Defensive Driving Q. I’ve been driving for twenty years and never had an accident. What can this course teach me? A. The course focuses on the attitude/behaviour & techniques necessary to avoid road traffic accidents. This requires drivers to change their mindset. Many “experienced” drivers come to the course and fail (ca 10%) because their behaviour & technique is very poor. Everyone will learn from the course: they will become better defensive drivers. Q. My PDO Driving Permit expires in March 2002. When should I do the course? A. ASAP (but before expiry of the old “graded” PDO permit). All drivers under 25 must do the course by 1/July/02. Permits due to expire after 1/July/03 are cut short by 1 year !! If a permit expires on 1/Sept/03 this becomes 1/Sept/02

20. Driving

21. The Rules Rules for the journey/driving: • Comply with ROP rules • All to wear seatbelts • Comply with max Speed limits as indicated. • Safe Journey Management (SJM) for trips over 20 km • Comply with No-Night Driving Rules • Follow the dust code • No “loose” passengers in cargo compartment

22. The Rules Rules for work-related transport: drive or fly • Company shall provide transport between residence & place of work in the interior. Company shall discourage use of private vehicles for this purpose. • Between Muscat area and Field: • PDO staff: shall fly (unless written permission from Dept Head) • Regular contractor commuters (more than one journey per month) on trips greater than a 5hrs road journey time shall fly. • Other contractors: fly or drive Further guidance on this topic is required. 2 teams are currently reviewing this and guidelines are expected end Q1/2002.

23. The Rules Driving: Work or Non-Work related? Work related: • Traveling on company owned/arranged transport (incl: company car) • PDO business: from normal place of residence/work to temporary place of work on public or private transport • Traveling from temporary accommodation to a place of work Not work related: • Commuting from normal residence to normal place of work in NON-company arranged/owned transport. Once inside the company fence it becomes work related. • Travel in private transport from home to regular assembly point for collection into company transport • Non-PDO business related travel in allocated company vehicles for unrestricted personal use. • Deviation from a business trip for personal reasons (provided no breach of company procedures)

24. The Rules Work related travel: controls MUST be in place Examples: • Travel in a PDO/Company car for business • MAF to Galfar office for a meeting and back in private car • From home to Galfar office and then to MAF in private car • From Nizwa (home) to MAF by, private transport, for training if normal work place is in the interior Questions ??: • Private car on Work related travel?: no clear guidelines! These are being developed.Suggest to minimise: use POOL-cars as much as possible. • Motorbike on work related travel?: no clear guidelines!In view of inherent HIGHER risk strong advise for supervisors NOT to allow this.

25. The Rules NON-Work related travel: No PDO controls Examples: • Regular commuting between home & office (normal place of work) • Authorized use of company vehicle for personal reasons. Eg: trip to Sur on Saturday for business. Car is taken on Thursday to stay with relatives in Ibra. However…….. DUTY of CARE !!! • Road Safety Awareness for staff • Defensive Driving training for staff (& family members)??

26. These maximum speed-limits apply only when there are no signs specifying a lower limit! Driving: Speed-limits Vehicle Speed Type Limit (km/hr) Light 80 Graded 100 PDO BT 120 Gov BT HGV 80 Graded 80 PDO BT 100 Gov BT L Bus 80 Graded 100 PDO BT 120 Gov BT H Bus 80 Graded 100 PDO BT 100 Gov BT

27. Safe Journey Management

28. Safe Journey Management • What ? • Why ? • When ? • How ? • Who ?

29. Safe Journey Management What ? A system for planning, authorising and closing out journeys Why ? To reduce the risk of accidents and enable emergency response (man lost) When ? All journeys except journeys within towns, within 20km of a work site etc How? Safe Journey Manager completes Journey Plan, gives copy to driver Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:

30. Safe Journey Management Who ? Responsibilities: Authorising Person Guarantees the integrity of the Safe Journey Management system. The Authorising Person shall be a “Senior or Middle Manager”. Safe Journey Manager Planning, monitoring and analysis of the journey and initiating emergency response procedures. The SJ Manager shall have completed the SJM course. Driver Responsible for vehicle, passengers and load and driving according to the journey plan.

31. Safe Journey Management Authorises Journey Management System Reduces the risks to ALARP Guarantees Integrity of JM System Assures competence of JM and Driver The Authorizing SJM Person

32. Safe Journey Management Planning, monitoring and analysis of a journey Initiates emergency procedures Responsible for planning return/ onward journey Remains responsible for vehicle and driver until return to home base The Safe Journey Manager

33. Operations Weather Conditions Route Planning Drivers Vehicles Road Conditions Communications Area Safe Journey Management What should a Journey Manager know about ?

34. Safe Journey Management The Safe Journey Manager: Skills and attributes • Authority • Competence: must have completed the SJM course • Familiarity with the Driving Environment • Local Knowledge • Recognition

35. Safe Journey Management The Safe Journey Plan

36. Night Driving

37. Night Driving PRINCIPLE: PDO and Contractor personnel shall not drive on graded or blacktop roads, or off road, outside of the Muscat Capital or other urban areas during the night.

38. Night Driving Why not? The drivers of these vehicles all collided with camels in the dark

39. Night Driving • Exceptions to the Rule: • Risk vs cost - night driving can be authorised if: • Production loss: > 150m3 nett oil • Unplanned operational costs: > US$15,000.- • Journey camp/camp: <5 km • Journey camp/worksite: <5km • Journey camp/worksite on 24 hour ops (Rig, hoist): <15km • Emergencies • Planned Long distance Cargo Haulage using HGVs • Long distance Crew Changes using a heavy bus • Well Services Hoist moves convoy (slow): up to 60km

40. Night Driving For any night driving a planning effort is always required in order to reduce the risk to “as low as reasonably practicable” (ALARP) Always apply Safe Journey Management

41. The Vehicle

42. Vehicle Specification Specification for the vehicle: • Vehicle types: • Light (LV): max 4000 kg kerb (=MT) & max 8 passengers • Heavy Goods (HGV): >4000 kg kerb • Bus: Light = 9-25 passengers Heavy = 26 or more passengers • Trailer: towed by a motor vehicle • NOT a vehicle but PLANT: • Cranes and handling equipment (forklifts) • Earthmoving & construction equipment (graders, bulldozers, etc) • Each vehicle type has specifications for: • Base spec: for blacktop roads • Additional requirements for: graded roads • Additional requirements for: off-road

43. Vehicle Specification Specification for Light Vehicle (main items): • Base Spec (blacktop): • Seatbelts for all seats (3-Point in front and rear outside seats) • Luggage space separated from passengers • ABS & 2 airbags for new vehicles registered after 1/Sept/2001 • First Aid kit - Fire extinguisher • No bull-bar - Hazard triangle • Radio/cassette - Air Conditioning • Add requirements Graded Roads: • Rollover bar - 190 mm ground clearance • 2 high intensity rear lights - 2nd spare tyre • Add requirements Off-Road: • 4WD with limited slip or diff-lock

44. Speed Limiters

45. Speed-limits & ADSL limiters Speed ADSL Speed Limiter Settings Veh Type Limit (km/hr) PDO Veh Contractor Veh. Light 80 Graded Current Current 100 PDO BT Interior Based Interior Based 120 Gov BT Coastal Based None HGV 80 Graded All All * 80 PDO BT - - 100 Gov BT All All * L Bus 80 Graded All All * 100 PDO BT - - 120 Gov BT All All * H Bus 80 Graded All All * 100 PDO BT - - 100 Gov BT All All * *: New contracts as of 01/Jan/2002

46. RAS

47. RAS The NEED for:Roadworthiness Assurance Standards

48. RAS Roadworthiness Assurance Standards Managing: Maintenance & inspection of vehicles to ensure their roadworthiness. All vehicles used in PDO Operations shall comply with RAS. Contractors & PDO must comply with RAS: Only use Vehicles (and sub-contract vehicles) which meet PDO Specifications, Vehicles maintained to RAS standard throughout the year, and that are RAS stickered annually.

49. RAS MAIN REQUIREMENTS: 1: RAS Inspection by “RAS Approved” companies & inspectorsa) RAS sticker prior to commencing work on Contractb) annual renewal • Purpose: ensure vehicle complies with PDO standards. • Validity: RAS sticker issued for 12 months • Stickers: 1) Blacktop only 2) Blacktop & Graded • Currently 29 RAS Inspection stations 2: Monthly Safety Checkby owner in his workshops or by dealer • Purpose: maintain vehicles to RAS compliant standards throughout year; between annual RAS inspections. • Concern: Are these being done? AUDIT!

50. RAS MAIN REQUIREMENTS: 3:Daily Checks by the driver, against a written/pictorial list • Purpose: spot and report defects for corrective action. • Concern: Are these being carried out? 4: RANDOM CHECKSby Road Safety Monitoring Teams (RSMT)at roadside or workshop • random compliance check against PDO vehicle and RAS maintenance standards.