OCB: Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program

1. OCB: Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program OCB Mission:to establish the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental change, through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems

2. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF OCB? To promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners OCCC Ocean Carbon & Climate Change NACP North American Carbon Program SOLAS Surface-Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study IMBER Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecology

3. OCB OVERARCHING SCIENTIFIC THEMES • Improve understanding and prediction of: • 1) Oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases; • 2) Climate sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles and interactions with ecosystem structure

4. CURRENT OCB RESEARCH PRIORITIES • Ocean acidification • Terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges • Climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles • Mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions • Benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles • Ocean carbon uptake and storage

5. OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE Observing System Repeat Hydrography/CO2 HOT, BATS, CARIACO U.S. efforts in CarboOcean, OOI, OceanSITES, etc. New & Future Projects U.S. single-investigator & medium-size research projects funded by NASA, NOAA, and NSF OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee OCB Office OCB Project Office Data Management Biological and Chemical Ocean Data Management

6. OCEAN CARBON OBSERVING SYSTEMS • Existing/Ongoing/New Elements • CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program • CO2 Volunteer Observing System Transects • Time-series (HOT, BATS, CARIACO, etc.) • Satellite Remote Sensing • OceanSITES • OOI • Coastal Observing Networks

7. CLIVAR CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program Goal:Quantify decadal changes in heat, fresh water, CO2 & CFC inventory and transport Approach:Reoccupy subset of WOCE era transects on ~10 year timeframe Achievements:~50% complete and on schedule to finish global survey by 2012 (http://ushydro.ucsd.edu/) Completed Planned

8. Ocean Observatories Initiative Coastal Global Regional Technology • Expanded power and bandwidth to the seafloor • Interactive capabilities • Integrated components • Reconfigurable network components • New way to provide access to the ocean for education/public awareness Cyberinfrastructure • Science • Long time-series across multiple spatial scales • Investigate short-term episodic events • Multi-disciplinary approach to study complex natural systems and non-linear processes • Complex models for analysis and prediction Modified from S. Walker (NSF)

9. OCEAN BIOGEOCHEMICAL TIME-SERIES Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) http://bats.bios.edu/index.html Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT)http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/hot_jgofs.html Carbon Retention in a Colored Ocean (CARIACO) http://www.imars.usf.edu/CAR/index.html

10. OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE Observing System Repeat Hydrography/CO2 HOT, BATS, CARIACO U.S. efforts in CarboOcean OOI, … New & Future Projects Single to multi-investigator/ small to large research projects funded by NASA, NOAA, and NSF OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee OCB Office OCB Project Office Data Management BCO-DMO

11. OCB PROJECTS http://www.us-ocb.org/projects/index.html OCB Projects include any project that falls within the broad scientific themes of OCB and that the PI(s) have self-identified as an OCB activity. To add your project(s) to the OCB list, please contact the OCB Project Office (hbenway@whoi.edu). Scope of new projects is determined by OCB research community through competitive proposals submitted to funding agencies. “Bottom-up” planning allows for flexibility as science evolves. Examples of Active OCB Projects K. Buesseler et al.: Vertical Transport In the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) D. McGillicuddy et al.: Eddies Dynamics, Mixing, Export, and Species composition (EDDIES)” E. D‘Asaro et al.: North Atlantic Bloom Experiment 2008 F. Prahl et al.:Nitrogen Fixation and its Coupling with Denitrification in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific R. Zeebe:Early Detection of Ocean Acidification Effects on Marine Calcification and Deep-Sea Carbonate Dissolution

12. OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE Observing System Repeat Hydrography/CO2 HOT, BATS, CARIACO U.S. efforts in CarboOcean OOI, … New & Future Projects U.S. single-investigator & medium-size research projects funded by NASA, NOAA, and NSF OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee OCB Office OCB Project Office Data Management BCO-DMO

13. OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE AGENCY CONTACTS NSF Don Rice, Phil Taylor, Dave Garrison, Ajit Subramaniam, Roberta Marinelli NASA Paula Bontempi, Fred Lipschultz NOAA Kenneth Mooney CCSP Roger Hanson OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee OCB Office OCB Project Office Data Management BCO-DMO

14. OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee OCB Office OCB Project Office Data Management BCO-DMO Scott Doney (WHOI) Bob Anderson (LDEO) Ginger Armbrust (UW) Kathy Barbeau (SIO) Debbie Bronk (VIMS) Mary-Elena Carr (Columbia) Kendra Daly (USF) Curtis Deutsch (UCLA) Richard Feely (NOAA) Dave Karl (U. Hawaii) Joanie Kleypas (NCAR) Steve Lohrenz (U. S Miss.) Wade McGillis (LDEO) Burke Hales (OSU) Mary Jane Perry (UMaine) Tammi Richardson (USC) Chris Sabine (NOAA) Walker Smith (VIMS)

15. OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee OCB Office OCB Project Office Data Management BCO-DMO Director: Scott Doney Program Coordinator: Heather Benway Admin. Assistant: Mary Zawoysky Website: www.us-ocb.org

16. ROLE OF THE OCB PROJECT OFFICE • COORDINATION • - Interface with other U.S. and international carbon research program activities (NACP, IOCCP, CARBOOCEAN, IMBER, SOLAS, etc.) • - Convene researchers across disciplines at workshops and meetings to facilitate OCB project planning and implementation • ORGANIZATION • - Community workshops (OCB summer workshop, scoping workshops) • - OCB Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) activities • COMMUNICATION • - OCB Website: www.us-ocb.org • - OCB Newsletter:OCB News published 3x/year • EDUCATION AND OUTREACH • -Promote ocean carbon science to broader audiences, policy makers, and underrepresented students (contact: hbenway@whoi.edu)

17. OCB PROGRAM STRUCTURE OCB SSC Scientific Steering Committee OCB Office OCB Project Office Data Management BCO-DMO (US) IOCCP (international) Biological & Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO): Website: www.bco-dmo.org International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP): Website: http://www.ioccp.org/

18. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) was created to serve PIs funded by the NSF Biological and Chemical Oceanography Sections as a location where marine biogeochemical, ecological and oceanographic data and information developed in the course of scientific research can easily be disseminated, protected, and stored on short and intermediate time-frames. Our main objective is to support the scientific community through improved accessibility to ocean science data. The Office is located at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Website:www.bco-dmo.org The Office is managed by: Robert Groman (rgroman@whoi.edu) Cyndy Chandler (cchandler@whoi.edu) David Glover (dglover@whoi.edu) Peter Wiebe (pwiebe@whoi.edu) funded by NSF

19. OCB IMPLEMENTATION • OCB Summer Science Workshop (July 20-23, 2009) • OCB Scoping Workshops and Community Activities • -Observing Biogeochemical Cycles at Global Scales with Profiling Floats and Gliders (April 28-30, 2009 at MBARI) • -New Frontiers in Southern Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (June 8-11, 2009 at Princeton) • -Ocean Acidification Short Course (Fall 2009, details TBA) • Other OCB Activities • -OCB researchers developing North American coastal carbon budgets as part of the NACP Interim Synthesis Activities • -OCB providing input on new U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan • -OCB Ocean Acidification subcommittee providing leadership on U.S. ocean acidification activities (e.g., OCB ocean acidification scoping workshop report and white paper, contributing to NRC report, coordinating OCB response to EPA federal register notice on ocean acidification, etc.)

20. Atmospheric control of nutrient cycling and production in the surface ocean Biomass burning MODIS image July 2007, Mediterranean NASA Saharan dust Spatio-temporal variability of nutrient deposition from contrasted sources: impact on surface ocean ecosystem?

21. Ocean-Derived Aerosols: Production, Evolution, and Impact Radiative Forcing SO4= Aerosol CCN Organic Aerosol Algal DMSP DMS ??? Charlson et al. (1987)

22. Ship Plumes: Impacts on atmospheric chemistry, climate and nutrient supply to the oceans Corbett et al., 1999

23. Background: Main properties of sea ice in models: - reflective surface- deep water formation- prevents gas exchange from water Perovich and Richter-Menge 2009 Sea ice biogeochemistry a habitat, reaction surface, source, sink and barrier for gas exchange • Not included are biogeochemical cycles: • Impact of biology on climate relevant gases (CO2, DMS, N2O, others)- Impact of biology on ice structure: porosity, energy absorption- Strong precipitation/dissolution processes of CO2 in brines- Photochemistry and optical properties- Source for major and minor nutrients: N, P, Fe

24. HOW TO GET INVOLVED • Submit proposals to OCB-relevant funding targets (http://www.us-ocb.org/meetings/index.html#funding) • Submit OCB-relevant projects, field/cruise opportunities, and current events to Project Office (hbenway@whoi.edu) to post on OCB website • Volunteer or nominate new members to serve on the OCB-SSC (annual open nomination process) • Submit a scoping workshop proposal • Attend OCB workshops and community activities • Contribute to the NACP/OCB Coastal Synthesis Activities (http://coastalcarbon.pbwiki.com/)