Chapter 4 The American Revolution (1765-1783)

1. Chapter 4 The American Revolution(1765-1783)

2. How might the distance between the colonies in North America and England have caused problems?

3. Section 1: Causes of the Revolution

4. British liberty • Due process of common law • Trial by jury • Freedom of the press • No taxation without representation

5. British government • 3 branches: Executive power – monarch; Legislative power – 2 houses of Parliament (House of Lords & House of Commons); Judicial power – courts system

6. British constitution – collection of laws & traditions • Less than ¼ of men qualified to vote

7. Colonial government • 2 house legislature (most colonies): elected assembly & council appointed to life terms by the governor • Most had governor appointed by the King

8. Had both formal (charters) & informal (Mayflower Compact) documents listing rights • 2/3 of men owned property & qualified to vote • Colonists believed only elected assemblies had right to tax, not Parliament

9. Sugar Act • (1764) – proposed raising funds by collecting duties on trade already in effect • Assigned customs officers & created courts

10. Quartering Act • (1765) – required the colonies to provide housing & supplies for British troops

11. Stamp Act • (1765) – required colonists to pay a tax on almost all printed materials (newspapers, books, court documents, contracts, land deeds) • Colonists protested; claimed taxation without representation

12. What was the main difference between the Turtle government and that of the super totally cool Big G party?????? P.s. Big G was not! I repeat was not here!!!

13. What was the main difference between the British government and that of the colonies?

14. Tax resistance • Intellectual protest (letters, editorials) • Economic boycott • Violent intimidation (riots, tarring & feathering)

15. Enlightenment Ideas • Proposed beliefs by men such as Baron de Montesquieu & John Locke that people had divinely granted natural rights (life, liberty & property)

16. Good government protected these rights • People had the right of protest

17. Patrick Henry • Used Enlightenment ideas to produce the Virginia Resolves asserting that only colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonies

18. Sons of Liberty • Association formed to lead popular protests against the Stamp Act • Samuel Adams became the most famous leader

19. Stamp Act Congress • Met in New York City in Oct. 1765 to coordinate & control protest activities • 9 colonies sent delegates • Encouraged a consumer boycott of goods imported from Britain

20. Read pp. 106-107. Answer #1-2

21. Townshend Acts • (1767) – taxes levied by Parliament on items such as glass, lead, paint, paper & tea • Taxes were to pay the salaries of colonial governors & judges

22. Colonists protested through boycotts & street violence

23. Boston Massacre • March 1770 – colonists threw snowballs & rocks at British soldiers guarding the Customs House • Guards opened fire killing 5 colonists

24. Intolerable Acts • Nickname for laws passed after the Boston Tea Party to punish Boston • Closed the port to trade • Increased governor’s power • Colonists had to house British troops

25. First Continental Congress • Meeting of delegates from 12 colonies in Philadelphia (fall 1774) • Announced a boycott of all British imports

26. Section 2 Declaring Independence

27. April 18, 1775 • Lexington & Concord, Massachusetts • Gen. Thomas Gage (governor) sent troops to arrest John Hancock & Samuel Adams & to seize weapons stockpiled by the Patriots

28. Local Patriots joined together to hold off the British • British ordered the Patriot militia to disperse; a shot was fired • 8 Patriots were killed • British headed back to Boston & were met by hundreds of minutemen • More than 200 British were killed or wounded

29. Loyalists • Colonists (about 1/5) who remained loyal to Britain • Opposed taxes but believed Parliament must be obeyed

30. Second Continental Congress • Meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from all colonies in May 1775 • Assumed responsibility for war • Some wanted to declare independence

31. Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III in July 1775 to affirm allegiance to the King but not to Parliament – George rejected & sent more troops to Boston

32. George Washington • Appointed as commander of Continental Army • Had been a colonial officer in the French & Indian War • Was from Virginia

33. Thomas Paine • Author of Common Sense • Proposed independence from Britain, republican state governments & a union of new states • Wanted the people to elect all government

34. Declaration of Independence • Approved by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776 • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Based on ideas of Thomas Paine

35. Denounced the King as a tyrant • Established that all men are born with natural rights (unalienable rights) that cannot be taken away by government (life, liberty, & the pursuit of happiness)

36. Section 3 Turning Points of the War

37. British Advantages • British population was nearly four times larger than colonies • Had more ships & weapons • Established government • Well-trained & well-supplied troops

38. Patriot Advantages • Fighting a revolutionary & defensive war • George Washington • Women ran business & farms allowing men to fight & made clothing, shoes, & blankets • Allies – France & Spain

39. Valley Forge • Small town in Pennsylvania where Washington’s army spent the harsh winter of 1777-1778 • Lack of food & supplies

40. Section 4 War’s End & Lasting Effect

41. British surrender • Gen. Cornwallis’s army was trapped at Yorktown, VA, by the Continental Army • French fleet blocked Chesapeake Bay • Cornwallis surrendered on October 19, 1781

42. Treaty of Paris • Recognized in 1783 granting American independence & the boundaries of the United States