The Great War 1914-1918

1. The Great War1914-1918 APWH 2009 Bradley

2. Warm-Up • Think Pair Share- • For what reasons are wars fought? What causes them to begin? • 1 minute Think • 2 minutes Pair • 3 minutes Share

3. 4 MAIN Causes Impacted by Industrialization, Nationalism, and Imperialism- as countries try to expand their wealth and territories, they look for partners they could turn to in case of war.

4. Militarism • Massive arms race • Countries competing to build up their militaries

5. Alliances • An attack on one country forces another to join. • Triple Alliance (Central Powers)- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (later the Ottoman Empire) • Triple Entente (Allied Powers)- Great Britain, France, and Russia (later the US 1917) Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Serbia France Russia Britain Belgium Ottomans Bulgaria Japan

6. Imperialism • Seeking to gain new wealth and new territory • Competing for colonies in Asia and Africa • Germany in competition with France and GB

7. Nationalism • Strong feelings of loyalty, pride, and patriotism for your country. • Leads to competition- “ours is the best” • People support their country going to war.

8. The Spark the Set it Off… • Sarajevo, June 28, 1914 • Assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary Franz Ferdinand • “Young Bosnians”- Serbian nationalist group, supplied weapons by the Black Hand. • A-H declares war on Serbia…

9. Propaganda

10. Von Schlieffen Plan • Germany’s plan to attack France quickly and then turn and face the Russians (before they had a chance to mobilize). • Goal was to capture Paris in precisely 42 days, force the French to surrender, then shift forces to the eastern front. Doesn’t work.

11. Weapons of the Great War • Bolt action rifle- could fire 15 rounds a minute and hit a target 1400 meters away. Used mainly by British. • Large artillery guns- long range, needed 12 men to work them. Fired shells which exploded upon impact. • Bayonets- blade attached to front of rifle, for close combat. It’ll be over by Christmas…

12. New Technologies • Poison gas (chlorine) • Mustard gas • Zeppelin • Machine gun • Tank • Airplane • U-boats (submarines) • Hand Grenade • Flamethrower- flammenwerfen

15. SPRINGTIME The sower Published in 1918

16. Think Time! • Which weapon do you think had the greatest impact on the war? Put a next to the weapon in your notes. • Which one do you think had the greatest impact on future wars? Put next to the weapon in your notes.

17. Changes in Warfare: Trench warfare • New technologies different ways of fighting • 450 miles of trenches stretched from North Sea to Swiss Border • Rats • Smell • Trench Foot/Trench Fever • Lice • No Man’ Land

22. In Flanders FieldsJohn McCrae, died 1918In Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on rowThat mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved and were loved, and now we lieIn Flanders fields.

23. Suicide in the Trenches I knew a simple soldier boy Who grinned at life in empty joy, Slept soundly through the lonesome dark, And whistled early with the lark. In winter trenches, cowed and glum, With crumps and lice and lack of rum, He put a bullet through his brain. No one spoke of him again. You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye. Who cheer when soldier lads march by, Sneak home at pray you’ll never know The hell where youth and laughter go. ~Siegfried Sassoon

24. If surviving the enemy wasn’t bad enough… • Over 1000 soldiers were executed by their own armies. • Germany- 48 • France- 600 • Britain- 346 • Italy 500+ • Canada- 25 *Soldiers killed for insubordination, desertion, and refusing to fight. *Symptoms of Shell Shock included: tiredness, irritability, lack of concentration, headaches, disconnect. *Mental breakdown often occurred. *Generals saw this as cowardice.

25. Returning home • War correspondent Philip Gibbs wrote: “Something was wrong. They put on civilian clothes again and looked to their mothers and wives very much like the young men who had gone to business in the peaceful days before August 1914. But they had not come back the same men. Something had altered in them. They were subject to sudden moods, and queer tempers, fits of profound depression alternating with a restless desire for pleasure. Many were easily moved to passion where they lost control of themselves, many were bitter in their speech, violent in opinion, frightening.”

26. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • Experts think PTSD occurs today: • In about 30% of Vietnam veterans, or about 30 out of 100 Vietnam veterans. • In as many as 10% of Gulf War (Desert Storm) veterans, or in 10 veterans out of 100.9 • In about 6% to 11% of veterans of the Afghanistan war (Enduring Freedom), or in 6 to 11 veterans out of 100. • In about 12% to 20% of veterans of the Iraq war (Iraqi Freedom).

27. Of the 65 million men who were mobilized, more than 10 million were killed and more than 20 million wounded.

28. What if… • Create an “If… then…” statement in your notes regarding the causes of the Great War. • For example: • IF Newton hadn’t been sitting under a tree and had an apple fall on his head, THEN he might not have come up with the law of gravity. • Share out